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Effects of avian grazing on the algal community and small invertebrates in the rocky intertidal zone

机译：鸟类放牧对潮间带岩石区藻类群落和小无脊椎动物的影响

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摘要

In this study of a rocky intertidal habitat in northern Japan, feeding by avian consumers had significant effects on algal assemblages and small herbivorous invertebrates. The effects of the birds on algae were different from those of invertebrate grazers such as urchins and gastropods. The abundance of the dominant algal species decreased during the grazing period, increased again after the grazing period, and indirectly affected algal species richness and evenness. Avian grazing also decreased the density of tube-dwelling am-phipods on the dominant alga, but did not change the density of mobile and free-living isopods. These results suggest that avian grazers may act as habitat modifiers rather than exploitative competitors for the small herbivorous crustaceans. Avian herbivores consumed only the upper parts of large algal fronds, apparently reducing the amount of suitable microhabitat for the small herbivorous crustaceans, which are subject to a variety of physical or biological stress. Thus, avian herbivores function as ecosystem engineers, regulating community structure in a manner different to invertebrate herbivores in rocky intertidal habitats.
机译：在这项针对日本北部潮间带岩石栖息地的研究中，鸟类消费者的摄食对藻类和小型草食无脊椎动物产生了重大影响。鸟类对藻类的影响与海胆和腹足动物等无脊椎动物放牧者的影响不同。放牧期优势藻种的丰度降低，放牧期后又增加，间接影响了藻种的丰富度和均匀度。鸟类放牧还降低了优势藻类上的管栖两栖动物的密度，但没有改变活动和自由生活的等足动物的密度。这些结果表明，鸟类食草动物可以充当栖息地的改良剂，而不是小型草食甲壳类动物的剥削竞争者。禽食草动物仅消耗大藻类叶的上部，显然减少了小型食草甲壳类的适当微生境，这些食草甲壳类受到各种物理或生物压力。因此，禽类草食动物起着生态系统工程师的作用，以与岩石潮间生境中的无脊椎动物食草动物不同的方式调节群落结构。

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