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首页> 外文期刊>Ecological research >Dispersal of Camellia japonica seeds by Apodemus speciosus revealed by maternity analysis of plants and behavioral observation of animal vectors
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Dispersal of Camellia japonica seeds by Apodemus speciosus revealed by maternity analysis of plants and behavioral observation of animal vectors

机译：植物的母性分析和动物载体的行为观察揭示了姬鼠姬种子对山茶种子的分散作用

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摘要

Seed dispersal determines a plant's reproductive success, range expansion, and population genetic structures. Camellia japonica, a common evergreen tree in Japan, has been the subject of recent genetic studies of population structure, but its mode of seed dispersal has been assumed, without detailed study, to be barochory. The morphological and physiological features of C. japonica seeds, which are large and nutritious, suggest zoochorous dispersal, however. We compared actual distances between mother trees and seedlings with distances attributable to gravity dispersion only, to test the zoochory hypothesis of C. japonica. The animals that transport the seeds for caching were identified experimentally. We also examined the extent to which seed dispersal is affected by the behavior of animal vectors. Seed dispersal by Apodemus speciosus was confirmed by taking photographs of animals that were consuming seeds experimentally deposited on the ground. Camellia seeds hoarded by the rodents under the litter or soil were protected from drying. On the basis of microsatellite analysis of maternal tissue from the seed coat, the mother trees of 28 seedlings were identified. Maternity analysis revealed the average seed-dispersal distance from mother trees was 5.8 m ± 6.0 SD, a distance greater than initial dispersal by gravity alone. These results indicate that C. japonica is a zoochorous species dispersed by A. speciosus. Fifty percent of the seed dispersal occurred from mature evergreen forests to dwarf bamboo thickets. This directional seed dispersal would contribute to range expansion of C. japonica. Home range sizes of A. speciosus were 0.85 ha at most and covered with different types of vegetation, from evergreen forests to grassland. This low specificity of their microhabitat use might enhance seed dispersal to different types of vegetation.
机译：种子传播决定了植物的繁殖成功，范围扩大和种群遗传结构。日本常见的常绿茶花茶树已经成为最近的种群结构遗传学研究的主题，但未经详细研究，就认为其种子传播方式是巴洛克的。然而，C.japonica种子的形态和生理特征又大又有营养，表明其具有人畜共患的分散性。我们将母树和幼苗之间的实际距离与仅归因于重力分散的距离进行了比较，以检验日本假丝酵母的动物种群假说。通过实验确定了运输种子进行缓存的动物。我们还研究了动物载体行为对种子传播的影响。通过拍摄动物的照片证实了姬鼠Apodmus speciosus的种子散布，他们食用了实验上沉积在地面上的种子。保护了在垫料或土壤下被啮齿动物s积的山茶种子免于干燥。在对种皮母体组织进行微卫星分析的基础上，鉴定出28株幼苗的母树。产妇分析表明，与母树的平均种子传播距离为5.8 m±6.0 SD，该距离大于仅靠重力进行的初始传播。这些结果表明，日本粳稻是一种被物种拟南芥（A.speciosus）分散的食虫物种。种子散布的百分之五十发生在成熟的常绿森林到矮矮的竹丛。这种定向的种子扩散将有助于日本粳稻的范围扩大。 A. speciosus的家庭范围大小最大为0.85公顷，覆盖着从常绿森林到草原的不同类型的植被。其微生境使用的低特异性可能增强种子向不同类型植被的扩散。

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