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Vegetation changes from 1984 to 2008 on Mount Usu, northern Japan, after the 1977-1978 eruptions

机译：1977-1978年爆发后，日本北部的乌苏山的植被在1984年至2008年间发生了变化

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The revegetation patterns after volcanic eruptions were monitored annually on Mount Usu, northern Japan, using over 25 years to detect successional changes. The vegetation was monitored by 2 x 5 m plots from 1984 and 2008 and by 5 x 5 m plots that were enlarged from the original plots from 1994 to 2008 due to increasing vegetation height. The thick tephra from these eruptions destroyed the former vegetation in 1977 and 1978. Diversity indexes were calculated, and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was conducted using the vegetation data with environmental factors. The cover of dominant species was higher in the large plots probably due to the vegetative expansion. Species richness and diversity continued to increase annually for 30 years after the eruptions. Well-established plants were perennial forbs and trees and the species replacement occurred consistently. NMDS of small plot data suggested that elevation was related to the first axis, and year, litter volume and distance to the caldera rim were related to the second axis. Plot scores on the first axis suggested that deterministic factors, that is, elevation and its related factors, produced vegetation convergence but those on the second axis suggested that the vegetation change was in response to stochastic factors, such as litter accumulation and its related unmeasured factors, with year. The results indicated that the convergence or divergence was determined by the conflict between the net effects of deterministic and stochastic factors on vegetation development.
机译：每年对日本北部的乌苏山（Mount Usu）的火山喷发后的植被格局进行监测，使用了25年以上的时间来探测其连续变化。从1984年至2008年，通过2 x 5 m地块监测了植被，并通过增加植被高度，从1994年至2008年从原始图扩大了5 x 5 m地块。这些喷发所产生的厚特弗拉在1977年和1978年破坏了以前的植被。计算了多样性指数，并使用具有环境因素的植被数据进行了非度量多维标度（NMDS）。在大片土地上，优势种的覆盖率较高，这可能是由于营养膨胀所致。爆发后30年，物种的丰富度和多样性每年都在增加。根深蒂固的植物是多年生Forbs和树木，并且物种替换始终如一。小地块数据的NMDS表明海拔高度与第一个轴相关，而年份，产仔量和到破火山口边缘的距离与第二个轴相关。第一轴上的地势得分表明，确定性因素（即海拔及其相关因素）导致了植被趋同，而第二轴上的地势得分表明，植被变化是对随机因素的响应，例如凋落物积累及其相关的不可测因素年。结果表明，趋同性或趋异性是由确定性和随机性因素对植被发展的净效应之间的冲突决定的。

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