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Responses of daphnids and other zooplankton populations to massive fish kill in Lake Suwa

机译：Su访湖中水蚤和其他浮游动物种群对大量鱼类死亡的反应

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摘要

In 2016, a massive fish kill of the planktivorous pond smelt Hypomesus nipponensis occurred in Lake Suwa, Japan. Pond smelt, which is important fish species from commercial and cultural perspectives, influences the zooplankton community in the lake. Following the massive fish kill, Daphnia galeata appeared and their population density increased to previously unseen levels by summer 2017. To help recover the fish population, larval pond smelt were released into the lake. Consequently, D. galeata has rarely appeared in Lake Suwa since summer 2017, except for a low-density population observed in May-June 2018. These phenomena indicated that fish predation is a possible primary factor for suppressing daphnid populations in shallow eutrophic lake. Zooplankton populations showed species-specific responses to the alterations in predation pressure. When the D. galeata population peaked after the fish kill event, rotifers, which are small-sized competitors of daphnids, and calanoids tended to decrease in density. Rotifers then increased with the decrease in the daphnid populations due to the recovery of fish. Alternatively, cyclopoids, which demonstrated a similar population density following the fish kill event, tended to decrease when the fish population recovered. The population densities of Leptodora cf. kindtii/richardi and Bosmina spp. did not significantly differ between before the massive kill event and after pond smelt recovery. It is believed that the changes in zooplankton population densities observed in the present study may provide insights for further monitoring of aquatic food webs in eutrophic water systems, including Lake Suwa, where re-oligotrophication is occurring and biological interactions are changing.
机译：在2016年，日本Su访湖发生了一条大规模的鱼类杀害，该鱼类被鳞片状池塘的池塘嗅到的Hypomesus nipponensis闻起来。从商业和文化的角度来看，池塘冶炼是重要的鱼类，它会影响湖泊中的浮游动物群落。在大规模鱼类被杀之后，水蚤（Daphnia galeata）出现了，到2017年夏季它们的种群密度增加到以前看不见的水平。为帮助恢复鱼类种群，幼体池塘的冶炼鱼被释放到湖中。因此，除了自2018年5月至2018年6月观察到的低密度种群外，自2017年夏季以来，D。galeata很少在Su访湖出现。这些现象表明，鱼类捕食是抑制浅水富营养化湖泊中水蚤种群的主要因素。浮游动物种群对捕食压力的变化表现出特定物种的反应。在杀鱼事件发生后，D。galeata种群达到顶峰时，轮虫是水蚤的小型竞争者，而类胡萝卜素的密度趋于降低。由于鱼类的恢复，轮虫随着水蚤数量的减少而增加。另外，在鱼类死亡后，显示出相似种群密度的摆线虫在鱼类种群恢复时趋于减少。 Leptodora的人口密度。 kindtii / richardi和Bosmina spp。在大规模杀灭事件之前和池塘冶炼恢复之后之间没有显着差异。据信，本研究中观察到的浮游动物种群密度的变化可能为进一步监测富营养化水系统（包括苏瓦湖）中富营养化和生物相互作用正在发生变化的富营养水系统中的水生食物网提供了见识。

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