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首页> 外文期刊>Ecological research >Extreme weather event results in the removal of invertebrates from cryoconite holes on an Arctic valley glacier (Longyearbreen, Svalbard)
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Extreme weather event results in the removal of invertebrates from cryoconite holes on an Arctic valley glacier (Longyearbreen, Svalbard)

机译：极端天气事件导致从北极谷冰川（Longyearbreen，Svalbard）上从低温龙孔中移除无脊椎动物

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摘要

The question why aquatic communities are often absent in suitable pools still remains a topic of debate and is often explained by dispersal limitation or biological barriers. Cryoconite holes (water-filled depressions on glaciers) as natural, simple and dynamic habitats in a glacial biome seem to be a good model for addressing this question. The main aim of our research was to investigate links between changes in weather conditions and short temporal changes in invertebrate densities on glaciers. For this study, we selected cryoconite holes on the valley Longyear Glacier and collected samples at two-day intervals from the same holes in August 2016. During the sampling campaigns, we detected freezing, shrinking and ablation of cryoconite holes. In the samples, we found only two groups of invertebrates, Tardigrada and Rotifera. We observed invertebrates in cryoconite holes until calm weather patterns were interrupted by wind and rainstorm, after which no individuals were detected. Before the storm event, densities in the samples reached up to 149 tardigrades/cm(3) and 119 rotifers/cm(3) of cryoconite. In addition, we found a strong erosion of cryoconite granules, redistribution into sediments (mud-like forms), and the migration of granules after rain, which confirmed the mechanical removal of invertebrates by streaming water. Water depth, pH or electrical conductivity did not seem to shape invertebrates communities. Their frequency and densities on valley glaciers depend on stochastic events, for example, weather breakdown (rainstorms). Furthermore, such events may form new niches for tardigrades and rotifers on polar glaciers and influence their coexistence within cryoconite holes.
机译：为什么水生社区通常在合适的游泳池中缺席的问题仍然是辩论的主题，并且通常通过分散限制或生物障碍解释。低温龙孔（冰川上充满水凹陷），因为冰川生物群落中的自然，简单，动态的栖息地似乎是解决这个问题的好模式。我们的研究的主要目的是调查天气条件变化与冰川上无脊椎动物密度的短时间变化之间的联系。对于这项研究，我们在2016年8月在山谷漫长的冰川上选择了低温龙洞穴，并在两天的时间间隔收集样品。在抽样活动期间，我们检测到冷冻龙冻结，缩小和消融。在样品中，我们只发现了两组无脊椎动物，TARDIGRADA和ROTIFERA。我们观察到低温龙孔中的无脊椎动物，直到风雨和暴雨中断天气模式，之后没有检测到任何个体。在风暴事件之前，样品中的密度达到高达149个近130厘米/厘米（3）和119个冷冻机的轮转器/ cm（3）。此外，我们发现了强烈的低温橡胶颗粒侵蚀，再分布到沉积物（类似泥浆形式），雨后造粒迁移，这证实了通过媒体水的机械去除无脊椎动物。水深，pH或电导率似乎没有塑造无脊椎动物社区。他们的频率和山谷冰川的密度依赖于随机事件，例如天气细分（暴雨）。此外，这种事件可以在极性冰川上形成新的Tardigres和转子并影响其在低温岩孔内的共存。

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