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Communities, ecosystem engineers, and functional domains

机译：社区，生态系统工程师和功能域

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摘要

Communities are shaped by the activity of ecosystem engineers, which modify their environment to their benefit and that of subordinate species within their functional domain. Communities are defined as embedded assemblages of interactions, from cells to landscapes. They are threatened by present-day global changes which trigger the invasive nature of ecological engineers, with cascading effects. This perspective paper starts with a definition of ecosystem engineers and functional domains in the frame of developments in community ecology. Then I show that the concepts of ecosystem engineer and functional domain explain (i) most of the observed cases of community boundaries, and (ii) the passage from small-scale interactions among individuals to community-wide processes of dynamics and stability. I will further show that ecological engineering exists at various scales, from viruses to landscapes, functional domains being embedded in a flexible manner. At last, I will show that threats posed by global changes to communities are mainly mediated by their negative or positive effects on ecosystem engineers.
机译：社区是由生态系统工程师的活动而塑造，它们将其环境修改为他们的福利以及其功能域内的下属物种的环境。社区被定义为嵌入式的相互作用，从细胞到景观。他们受到当今全球变化的威胁，引发了生态工程师的侵入性，具有级联效应。这个透视论文从社区生态学发展框架中的生态系统工程师和功能域名开始定义。然后我表明生态系统工程师和功能域的概念和功能域名解释（i）大多数观察到的社区边界案例，（ii）从个人之间的小规模相互作用对社区的动态和稳定性的段落。我将进一步表明，生态工程存在于各种鳞片上，从病毒到景观，功能域以灵活的方式嵌入。最后，我将表明，全球对社区的威胁主要由它们对生态系统工程师的负面或积极影响来介导。

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