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Wealth distribution and accounting for changes in wealth inequality: empirical evidence from India, 1991-2012

机译：财富分配与财富不平等变化的核算：来自印度的经验证据，1991 - 2012年

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Despite its fast rise on the world stage and rapid economic growth, there has been a dramatic increase in wealth inequality in India in recent years. Nonetheless, the issue of wealth inequality and wealth distribution in India has been relatively less explored. In this context, we use an extension of Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method based on the recentered influence function (RIF) proposed by Firpo et al. (Econometrics 6(2):28, 10.3390/econometrics6020028, 2018) to analyze the role of household characteristics such as location, household's composition by age, social groups, as well as education or employment on various wealth distributional measures during the period 1991-2012. We examine the effect of changing distribution of different household characteristics on wealth at various distributional measures (like ventile, Gini index, and variance). In our analysis, we observe the effect of household characteristics on wealth at different ventiles. Using counterfactual distribution analysis, we decomposed the inter-period difference in inequality into characteristics (explained) and coefficients (unexplained) effects. We then decompose changes in wealth at each ventile, Gini index, the variance of log of wealth, 90-10 percentile wealth gap, 50-10 wealth gap, and 90-50 wealth gap during 1991-2002 and 2002-2012 to see the composition effect and wealth structure effect. The composition effect shows the effect of change in the considered household characteristics, whereas the wealth structure effect shows the effect of change in returns to these characteristics. We noticed that during 1991-2002, wealth at lower quantile has decreased whereas it has increased for other quantiles, whereas during 2002-2012, we observe that wealth increase is highest at lower quantiles and is positive for all ventiles. In the case of inequality measures, we observe that all inequality measures have increased during 1991-2002, whereas during 2002-2012, only Gini and 90-50 gap has increased while other measures have decreased.
机译：尽管其在世界舞台上和经济快速增长的快速上升，出现了近年来的显着增加在印度的贫富不均。然而，在印度贫富差距和财富分配的问题一直相对较少研究。在这种情况下，我们使用基于由Firpo等人提出的重新定影响函数（RIF）眼罩-瓦哈卡分解方法的扩展。 （计量经济学6（2）：28 10.3390 / econometrics6020028，2018）来分析家庭特征，如位置，年龄家庭的组成，社会团体，以及各种财富分配的措施教育或就业期间的作用1991- 2012。我们研究了在不同的分配措施，改变对财富的不同家庭特征分布（如ventile，基尼系数和方差）的影响。在我们的分析中，我们观察到的家庭特征财富在不同ventiles效果。使用反分布分析，我们在分解不平等期间差转换成特性（解释）和系数（原因不明）的影响。我们在每个ventile然后分解变化财富，基尼系数，日志财富的变化，90-10个百分点的贫富差距，50-10贫富差距，并在1991 - 2002年90-50贫富差距，2002-2012看组合物的效果和财富结构的效果。该组合物的效果的节目在所考虑的家庭特性的变化的影响，改变在返回到这些特性而财富结构效应示出了效果。我们注意到，1991 - 2002年期间，在财富下分有所下降，而这增加了对其他位数，而在2002-2012，我们观察到，财富增长最高的是在较低的分位数，是积极的所有ventiles。在不平等的措施的情况下，我们观察到，所有的不平等措施都在2002-2012期间，1991 - 2002年增加，而只有基尼和90-50的差距有所增加，而其他的措施已经减少。

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