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Does education attenuate the genetic risk of obesity? Evidence from U.K. Twins

机译：教育会减轻肥胖的遗传风险吗？英国双胞胎的证据

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More education is associated with a lower body mass index (BMI) and likelihood of being obese. Obesity and BMI also have a strong genetic basis. Given these observations, we investigate whether more education can reduce obesity by attenuating the underlying genetic risk of being obese, through gene environment (GxE) interactions. We estimate associations between (i) education, (ii) a genetic risk score (GRS) and (iii) GxE interactions between education and the GRS through Ordinary least Squares (OLS) and twins fixed-effect regressions using data on female twins from the TwinsUK database. OLS estimates show that there are significant associations of education and genetics. Female twins with a university education are 14.3 percentage points less likely to be obese compared to twins with less than compulsory education, and a 1 standard deviation increase in the GRS increases the likelihood of being obese by 5.2 percentage points. The GxE interactions are statistically insignificant, suggesting that the marginal association of the GRS with obesity does not differ by educational attainment. When controlling for confounding through twins fixed-effects, we find a smaller role of genetics. The association of the GRS with obesity decreases to 0.040. Associations of educational attainment are substantially reduced and insignificant. GxE interactions also remain insignificant. Overall, we find little evidence of any GxE interactions. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：接受更多的教育与较低的体重指数（BMI）和肥胖的可能性有关。肥胖和BMI也有很强的遗传基础。鉴于这些观察结果，我们调查了更多的教育是否可以通过基因环境（GxE）相互作用，通过减轻潜在的肥胖遗传风险来减轻肥胖。我们使用来自女性双胞胎的数据估计了（i）教育，（ii）遗传风险评分（GRS）与（iii）教育与GRS之间通过普通最小二乘（OLS）和双胞胎固定效应回归之间的关联。 TwinsUK数据库。 OLS估计表明，教育和遗传学之间存在显着关联。与未接受义务教育的双胞胎相比，受过大学教育的女性双胞胎肥胖的可能性降低了14.3个百分点，而GRS的每增加1个标准差，肥胖的可能性就会增加5.2个百分点。 GxE的相互作用在统计学上不显着，这表明GRS与肥胖的边际关联在受教育程度方面没有差异。当通过双胞胎固定效应控制混杂时，我们发现遗传学的作用较小。 GRS与肥胖的相关性降低至0.040。受教育程度的关联大大减少且微不足道。 GxE交互也仍然微不足道。总体而言，我们几乎没有发现任何GxE相互作用的证据。 （C）2018 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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