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The effects of in utero exposure to the 1918 influenza pandemic on family formation

机译：宫内暴露于1918年流感大流行对家庭形成的影响

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摘要

A growing literature ties in utero conditions to life course outcomes, including education, earnings, and adult health and mortality. A smaller literature has begun to examine the intergenerational impacts of in utero conditions. A link between these two literatures-the impacts of in utero conditions on family formation-has had few examinations but offers a potential set of mechanisms for the intergenerational reach of early conditions. This paper draws from the 1960 US Decennial Census to examine whether individuals exposed in utero to the 1918/19 influenza pandemic had different family formation patterns than adjacent unexposed cohorts. The findings suggest small overall effects on marriage rates, number of children, and several measures of "type" of spouse for men, but moderate effects for women. For example, women with in utero exposure during their first trimester marry men with 0.2 fewer years of schooling than those not exposed. The findings show that exposed individuals have spouses with lower schooling than unexposed counterparts, this effect is particularly large for women, and it increases the likelihood of marrying spouses with very low levels of schooling. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：越来越多的文献将子宫状况与生命过程的结果联系起来，包括教育，收入，成人健康和死亡率。较小的文献已经开始研究子宫内情况的代际影响。这两个文献之间的联系-宫内条件对家庭形成的影响-很少进行检查，但为早期条件的代际传承提供了潜在的机制。本文从1960年美国十年期人口普查中得出，以检验在子宫内暴露于1918/19年流感大流行的个人是否具有与相邻未暴露人群不同的家庭形成模式。研究结果表明，对男性的结婚率，子女人数以及配偶“类型”的几种衡量标准总体影响较小，而对女性的影响中等。例如，孕早期子宫内暴露的妇女与受教育年限比未暴露的妇女少嫁了0.2年。研究结果表明，接触者的配偶受教育程度低于未接触者，这对女性尤为明显，并且增加了受教育程度很低的配偶结婚的可能性。 （C）2018 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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