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Associations between household income, height, and BMI in contemporary US schoolchildren

机译：美国当代学龄儿童的家庭收入，身高和BMI之间的关联

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摘要

This paper evaluates the association between income and physical development in a nationally representative sample of contemporary US schoolchildren followed from kindergarten to eighth grade (average ages of 6-14). A generalized linear mixed modeling framework is used to evaluate height and body mass index (BMI) as both levels and annualized growth in a pooled sample. Contemporary US schoolchildren show income variation in height that is significant but modest at around .1 cm (in kindergarten) to .4 cm (eighth grade) increases per doubling of income. An exception is found for Hispanic children who show faster height velocity associated with higher income through childhood yielding a 1.0 cm increase per doubling of income by the eighth grade. All groups except black males show a negative relationship between income and BMI that becomes stronger with age with an average .8 kg/m2 lower BMI per doubling of income by the eighth grade. These results are robust to the inclusion of baseline anthropometric controls. The analysis suggests that higher-income US schoolchildren enter mid-adolescence as taller but with lower proportional body mass relative to their lower-income counterparts.
机译：本文评估了当代美国学龄儿童的全国代表性样本中的收入与身体发育之间的关联，这些样本从幼儿园到八年级（平均年龄为6-14岁）。广义线性混合建模框架用于评估合并样本中的身高和体重指数（BMI）以及水平和年增长率。当代美国的学龄儿童显示出身高的收入差异是显着的，但每增加一倍的收入，收入差异就会增加约0.1厘米（幼儿园）至0.4厘米（八年级）。西班牙裔儿童例外，他们的身高速度更快，伴随着童年时期的更高收入，到八年级时，收入每增加一倍可增加1.0厘米。除黑人男性外，所有其他群体的收入均与BMI呈负相关关系，随着年龄的增长，其呈负相关关系，每增加八倍，收入平均降低8.8 kg / m2。这些结果对于纳入基线人体测量学控制是可靠的。分析表明，高收入的美国学龄儿童进入青春期时要高一些，但相对于低收入的同龄人，其体重比例较低。

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