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POVERTY MEASUREMENT:PRIORITARIANISM, SUFFICIENCY AND THE TS OF POVERTY

机译：贫困的衡量：先验主义，充实度和贫困问题

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摘要

The seminal contribution of Sen (1976) led to a new way to conceptualize and measure absolute poverty, by arguing for the need to 'take note of the inequality among the poor' (Sen 1976: 227). Since then, the 'Inequality' of poverty has become the third T of poverty, which together with the 'Incidence' and the 'Intensity' of it constitute the dimensions deemed relevant for poverty evaluation. In this paper, we first argue that the interest in the third T of poverty actually originates from a prioritarian (Parfit 1995) rather than an egalitarian attitude. Further, we illustrate the inability of the three Ts to fully comprise the criteria for the assessment of poverty which are de facto adopted by existing poverty indices. Some of them resolve distributional conflicts by following leximin, hence assigning a pivotal role to the worst off. We question the desirability of leximin, and conclude that giving absolute priority to the worst off is plausible only in cases where the latter has been identified by an exogenous threshold demarcating a significant difference in human suffering. Finally, we explore to what extent prioritarianism and the sufficiency argument of Frankfurt (1987), Crisp (2003) and Casal (2007) can help conceptualize giving absolute priority to individuals or groups indentified by exogenous (poverty and ultra-poverty) thresholds.
机译：森（1976）的开创性贡献提出了一种新的方式来概念化和衡量绝对贫困，理由是需要“注意穷人之间的不平等”（Sen 1976：227）。从那时起，贫困的“不平等”已经成为贫困的第三大特征，它与贫困的“发病率”和“强度”一起构成了与贫困评估相关的维度。在本文中，我们首先指出，对贫困的第三个T的兴趣实际上源于优先权主义（Parfit 1995），而不是平均主义的态度。此外，我们说明了三个Ts无法完全包含现有贫困指数事实上采用的评估贫困的标准。他们中的一些人通过遵循leximin来解决分配冲突，因此对最糟糕的人发挥了关键作用。我们质疑来昔明的可取性，并得出结论，只有当最坏情况被外在阈值确定了人类苦难的显着差异时，才可以将最坏的情况列为绝对优先事项。最后，我们探讨了先验主义和法兰克福（1987），克里普（2003）和卡萨尔（2007）的自给自足论可以在多大程度上帮助概念化地将绝对优先权给予由外生（贫困和超贫困）阈值确定的个人或群体。

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