MEASURING SPECIFIC FREEDOM

Matthew Braham

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MEASURING SPECIFIC FREEDOM

机译：衡量特定的自由

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This paper is about the measurement of specific freedoms - the freedom of an agent to undertake some particular action. In a recent paper, Dowding and van Hees discuss the need for, and general form of, a "freedom function" that assigns a value between 0 and 1 to a freedom or right and that describes the expectation that a person may have about being in a position to exercise ("being free to perform") that freedom or right. An examination of the literature shows that there is as yet no agreed framework for defining such a function. Based on the framework of a game form, I develop a very simple and natural measure of specific freedom as the "conditional probability of success." It is also shown that in an important way "negative freedom is membership of powerful coalitions."

机译：本文是关于特定自由的度量，即代理人采取某些特定行动的自由。 Dowding和van Hees在最近的一篇论文中讨论了对“自由函数”的需求和一般形式，该函数将0到1之间的值分配给自由或权利，并描述了一个人可能对存在于其中的期望。自由或正确行使（“自由执行”）的位置。对文献的检查表明，尚无用于定义此类功能的公认框架。根据游戏形式的框架，我开发了一种非常简单自然的方法来衡量特定自由，将其作为“成功的条件概率”。还显示出，重要的方式是“负自由是强大联盟的成员”。

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《Economics & philosophy》 |2006年第3期|p.317-333|共17页
作者
Matthew Braham;
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University of Hamburg;

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正文语种 eng
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机译：自我报告措施，以识别持久自由行动（OEF）/伊拉克自由行动（OIF）的退伍军人中的创伤后应激障碍和/或轻度创伤性脑损伤及相关症状
2. Self-Report Measures to Identify Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and/or Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Associated Symptoms in Military Veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF)/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) [J] . Betthauser Lisa M., Bahraini Nazanin, Krengel Maxine H., Neuropsychology review . 2012,第1期

机译：自我报告措施，以识别持久自由行动（OEF）/伊拉克自由行动（OIF）的退伍军人中的创伤后应激障碍和/或轻度创伤性脑损伤及相关症状
3. Utility of the Mild Brain Injury Atypical Symptoms Scale as a Screening Measure for Symptom Over-Reporting in Operation Enduringn Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom Service Members with Post-Concussive Complaints [J] . Amy O. Bowles Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology . 2011,第8期

机译：轻度脑损伤非典型症状量表作为症状过多报告在行动中的筛查手段的使用，持久性/行动伊拉克自由服务人员遭受脑震荡后的投诉
4. Comparing families of measures of k-specificity. measure of crispness [C] . José Luís González Sánchez, Ramón González del Campo, Luis Garmendia, IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems . 2017

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5. Affect and cognition measures in preference-based decisions: Validity testing of the Ottawa Decisional Conflict Scale and a decision-specific anxiety measure with men eligible for prostate cancer screening [D] . Linder, Suzanne Kneuper. 2010

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7. Proposal for a Council directive on freedom of establishment and freedom to supply services in a self-employed capacity in forestry. Proposal for an amendment of the General Programme for the removal of restrictions on freedom of establishment. Proposal for a Council directive on freedom of establishment and freedom to supply services in a self-employed capacity in personal services:1. Restaurants, cafes, taverns and other drinking and eating places (Group 852 ISIC). 2. Hotels, rooming houses, camps and other lodging places (Group 853 ISIC).Proposal for a Council directive on procedures for transitional measures concerning self-employed activities in personal services: 1. Restaurants, cafes, taverns and other drinking and eating places (Group 852 ISIC). 2. Hotels, rooming houses, camps and other lodging places (Group 853 ISIC). Proposal for a Council directive on freedom of establishment and freedom to supply services in a self-employed capacity in retail trade (Group ex 612 ISIC). Proposal for a Council directive on transitional measures affecting self-employment in retail trade (Group ex 612 ISIC). Proposal for a Council directive on freedom of establishment and freedom to supply services in a self-employed capacity in the food and beverage industries (ISIC Major Groups 20 and 21). Proposal for a Council directive on detailed transitional measures applicable to self-employed activities in the food and beverage industries (Major Groups 20 and 21 ISIC). Supplement to Bulletin of the European Economic Community No. 6, 1965 [O] . 1965

机译：关于理事会关于建立自由和自由提供林业自营职业服务的指示的提案。关于取消对建立自由限制的一般方案的修正案的提案。关于关于个人服务的自雇能力的建立自由和自由提供服务的理事会指令的提案：1.餐馆，咖啡馆，酒馆和其他饮酒场所（852组IsIC）。 2.酒店，房屋，营地和其他住宿场所（853组IsIC）。关于关于个人服务中自雇活动的过渡措施程序的理事会指令的提案：1。餐馆，咖啡馆，小酒馆和其他饮酒和饮食场所（第852组IsIC）。 2.酒店，房屋，营地和其他住宿场所（853组IsIC）。关于理事会关于在零售业自营职业中建立自由和提供服务自由的指令的提案（团体ex 612 IsIC）。关于影响零售业自营职业的过渡措施的理事会指令的提案（团体ex 612 IsIC）。关于食品和饮料行业自营职业的自由建立和自由供应的理事会指令的提案（IsIC主要组别20和21）。关于适用于食品和饮料行业自营活动的详细过渡措施的理事会指令的提案（主要组别20和21 IsIC）。 1965年欧洲经济共同体公报第6号补编

MEASURING SPECIFIC FREEDOM

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