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Academic entrepreneurship and economic competitiveness: rethinking the role of the entrepreneur

机译：学术创业与经济竞争力：对企业家作用的重新思考

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摘要

There has been an increase in research activity focused on the contribution of university spin-offs to economic competitiveness, yet the majority of the studies have considered the economic performance of universities or spin-offs in isolation. Such studies have cast some doubt on the extent to which spin-offs have generated expected performance benefits in terms of economic impact and have critiqued the role and capabilities of technology transfer offices in adding value to spin-off ventures. With a few exceptions, studies of academic entrepreneurship have tended to omit consideration of the role of the entrepreneur, and thereby neglected any economic contribution outside of spin-off venture creation. We propose that to better understand the economic impact of academic entrepreneurship, there is a need to explicitly recognize the academic entrepreneurs and their entrepreneurial behavior across different contexts. First, we suggest that academic entrepreneurship can occur in a wider range of contexts than previously examined, necessitating a consideration of the mobility of academic entrepreneurs back and forth between academic and commercial settings. Second, there is a need to better understand the microfoundations, that is, the behavioral and cognitive processes associated with academic entrepreneurs, as they create and develop enterprises within academe or industry. Third, there is a need to examine the heterogeneity of all universities involved in academic entrepreneurship, specifically looking outside the atypical group of leading research universities and considering the significant variance in entrepreneurial culture between schools within specific universities. Fourth, we propose that the nature of policy toward knowledge transfer and academic entrepreneurship needs to be sensitive to the individual and the context. We argue that policy can have unintended consequences upon the entrepreneurial behavior of individuals due to the significant moderating effect of the entrepreneurial legacy of different contexts. Implications for policy and further research are discussed.
机译：专注于大学附属公司对经济竞争力的贡献的研究活动有所增加，但是大多数研究都将大学或附属公司的经济表现孤立地考虑在内。此类研究对衍生工具在多大程度上在经济影响方面产生了预期的绩效收益提出了疑问，并批评了技术转让办公室在为衍生企业增加价值方面的作用和能力。除少数例外，学术企业家精神的研究倾向于忽略对企业家角色的考虑，从而忽略了衍生企业创建以外的任何经济贡献。我们建议，为了更好地了解学术创业精神的经济影响，有必要明确承认学术创业者及其在不同背景下的创业行为。首先，我们建议，学术企业家精神可以在比以前研究的范围更广的范围内发生，因此有必要考虑学术企业家在学术和商业环境之间来回的流动性。其次，有必要更好地了解微观基础，即与学术企业家相关的行为和认知过程，因为他们在学术界或行业内创建和发展企业。第三，有必要研究所有参与学术创业的大学的异质性，特别是从领先研究型大学的非典型群体之外，并考虑特定大学内各学校之间的创业文化差异。第四，我们认为，知识转移和学术创业政策的性质必须对个人和环境敏感。我们认为，由于不同背景下的企业家遗产的显着调节作用，政策可能会对个人的企业家行为产生意想不到的后果。讨论了对政策和进一步研究的影响。

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  • 来源
    《Economics of innovation and new technology》 |2012年第6期|p.429-444|共16页
  • 作者

    Mike Wright; Simon Mosey; Hannah Noke;

  • 作者单位

    Imperial College Business School, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK Department of Accountancy and Corporate Finance, Ghent University, Kuiperskaai 55E, Ghent,Belgium;

    University of Nottingham Institute for Enterprise and Innovation, Nottingham University Business School, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham NG8 IBB, UK;

    University of Nottingham Institute for Enterprise and Innovation, Nottingham University Business School, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham NG8 IBB, UK;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    universities; spin-offs; academic entrepreneurship; competitiveness; technology transfer;

    机译：大学;分拆;学术创业精神;竞争力;技术转让;

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