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Distance, globalization, and international trade

机译:距离,全球化和国际贸易

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For a long time globalization could be seen everywhere but in gravity estimates. We offer evidence how globalization affects manufacturing trade over the period 1986-2006 and show that, on average, the effect of distance has fallen whereas the effects of proximity and regional trade agreements have increased over time. We also document substantial cross-country heterogeneity in the extent to which distance elasticities have changed. Countries in the middle of the per-capita income distribution have seen the steepest fall in distance coefficients. At the same time, distance as a trade friction has not lost its bite for a number of low income countries, which may jeopardize their integration into global markets. We present suggestive evidence that the heterogeneous change in distance elasticities is related to secular shifts in the composition of exports.(C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译:长期以来,全球化无处不在,只有引力估计。我们提供的证据表明,全球化如何在1986-2006年期间影响制造业贸易,并显示出平均而言,距离的影响有所下降,而邻近性和区域贸易协定的影响随着时间的推移而增加。我们还记录了越野弹性在很大程度上改变了异质性。人均收入分配处于中间的国家的距离系数下降幅度最大。同时,作为贸易摩擦的距离并没有失去许多低收入国家的利益,这可能会危及它们融入全球市场。我们提供了有力的证据,证明距离弹性的异质性变化与出口构成的长期变化有关。(C)2017 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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