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A hole in one

机译：一个洞

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IN THE grand scheme of things, potholes may seem like a trivial problem. But tell that to the many mayors and local politicians whose success is judged by their ability to keep roads free of them. One such, Alfonse D'Amato, an American politician, was nicknamed "Senator Pothole" by his grateful constituents. Most potholes start as small cracks in a road's surface, which allow water to seep in. In winter, when the water freezes, it expands, widening the crack. If the water repeatedly thaws and refreezes, the hole can grow quickly, especially since cars will worsen the damage as they drive over it. Small potholes are a nuisance; big ones can damage cars, and even cause fatal accidents. Better, then, to fix them while they are still small. In practice, that is tricky. In America, for instance, both state and federal governments find potholes by manuallyexamining video footage of the country's 4.12m miles of roads. That is both expensive and laborious. Officials in Kansas City have come up with a better idea. As Bob Bennett, its chief innovation officer, describes, the city is using a mix of sensors and computer algorithms to work out where potholes are most likely to form. Mr Bennett reckons his new system can anticipate potholes with a success rate of about 85%. Having a list of likely trouble spots means less need to spend money on surveillance, which allows the city's road-maintenance budget to stretch about 30% further than before.
机译：在宏伟的计划中，坑洼似乎是一个微不足道的问题。但是，向许多市长和当地政客讲一讲，他们的成功取决于能否保持畅通无阻的道路。其中一位是美国政治家阿方斯·达马托（Alfonse D'Amato），他的感激成分被昵称为“参议员坑坑洼洼”。大多数坑洼开始时都是道路表面的小裂缝，使水渗入。冬天，当水冻结时，水会膨胀并扩大裂缝。如果水反复融化并冻结，该洞会迅速增大，特别是因为汽车在驶过时会加剧损坏。小坑洼是一件令人讨厌的事；大的会损坏汽车，甚至导致致命事故。那么，最好在它们很小的时候修复它们。实际上，这很棘手。例如，在美国，州和联邦政府都通过人工检查该国412万英里公路的视频录像来发现坑洼。这既昂贵又费力。堪萨斯城的官员提出了一个更好的主意。正如其首席创新官鲍勃·贝内特（Bob Bennett）所描述的那样，这座城市正在使用传感器和计算机算法的组合来确定最有可能形成坑洞的地方。 Bennett先生认为他的新系统可以预见坑洼，成功率约为85％。列出可能的麻烦点意味着减少在监视上花费的资金，这使该市的道路维护预算比以前扩大了约30％。

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    《The economist》 |2017年第9069期|72-72|共1页
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