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Under siege

机译：在胜利下

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ON A RECENT weekday in Perm, an industrial city of 1m people on the edge of western Siberia, patrons packed Toropo-modoro, a popular pizza restaurant. "We were back to pre-pandemic levels of customers by June, and they've remained at that level since," says Maxim Minin, the owner. Russia's economy shrank by just 3% last year, leaving it in better shape than many. That is in part because the government did not reimpose a national lockdown after a second wave of covid-19 in the autumn. (Russia's excess-mortality rate-313 per 100,000 people, far beyond that of America-suggests the human toll was enormous.) But it is also because the Russian economy has long experience of isolation. Since 2014, when Russia annexed Crimea and invaded eastern Ukraine, the Kremlin has commanded the economy like a fortress under siege, building up reserves, decoupling from the world economy, and preparing for the potential impact of Western sanctions or fluctuations in oil prices. This fortress is effective at protecting against outside shocks. But inside its walls it breeds stagnation and malaise, which fuel Alexei Navalny's opposition movement and the protests against Vladimir Putin, Russia's president. "It's about stability, not development-or more specifically about control," says Natalia Zubarevich, an economist and geographer. "They won't let the economy die, but in this system development isn't possible."
机译：在彼尔姆西西伯利亚西部地区的1万人工业城市的一个工业城市，Persed Pado-Modoro是一个受欢迎的披萨餐厅。 “我们在6月回到了大流行前的客户水平，自从此以来，他们仍然保持在这一水平。”的Maxim Minin说，Maxim Minin说。去年俄罗斯经济萎缩了3％，留下了更好的形状。这部分是因为政府在秋天的第二波Covid-19之后恢复了国家锁定。 （俄罗斯过度死亡率-113每10万人，远远超出美国 - 表明人类收费巨大。）但也是因为俄罗斯经济长期孤立经验。自2014年，当俄罗斯吞并克里米亚和入侵乌克兰东部，克里姆林宫指挥的经济被围困堡垒，建立储备，从世界经济脱钩，并为西方制裁或波动的石油价格可能造成的影响做准备。该堡垒有效地保护外部冲击。但它的墙壁内部它滋生了令人滞不曲和萎靡不振，燃烧着Alexei Navalny的反对派运动和俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔普京的抗议活动。 “这是关于稳定，而不是发展 - 或者更具体地对控制，”经济学家和地理学家纳塔利娅Zubarevich说。 “他们不会让经济死亡，但在这个系统的发展中是不可能的。”

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    《The economist》 |2021年第9242期|共2页
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