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Free exchange | Have your cake and eat it

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China's blistering economic performance in recent years has brought advocates of democracy out in hives, GDP growth in the one-party state, at an average of 10% over the past decade, has easily outpaced that of its democratic emerging-market rivals. India saw annual growth of 6% over the same period; Brazil, just 2%. Some say that democracy is to blame for India's and Brazil's slower progress. Politicians in such places cannot lay the foundations for long-term growth, the argument goes, since voters want instant gratification. Are freedom and prosperity really at odds? The idea is not new. In 1994 Torsten Persson of Stockholm University and Guido Tabellini, then of the University of Brescia, published a paper that argued that in democracies, vote-hungry politicians divert resources away from people who could use them more efficiently by lavishing spending on their constituents in the form of unemployment benefits and pensions. This and political gridlock, another unfortunate aspect of democracy, both tend to slow growth. Another paper published in 1994, by Robert Barro of Harvard University, analysed data from some 100 countries before concluding that the "effect of democracy on growth is weakly negative".
机译:近年来,中国强劲的经济表现使民主倡导者蜂拥而至,一党制国家的GDP增长在过去十年中平均达到10%,已轻松超过其民主新兴市场竞争对手。印度同期的年增长率为6%;巴西仅为2%。有人说,民主是印度和巴西进步缓慢的罪魁祸首。该论点认为,在这些地方的政客们不能为长期增长奠定基础,因为选民们希望立即得到满足。自由与繁荣真的矛盾吗?这个想法并不新鲜。 1994年,斯德哥尔摩大学的Torsten Persson和当时的布雷西亚大学的Guido Tabellini发表了一篇论文,该论文认为,在民主国家,渴望投票的政客将资源从可以更有效地利用资源的人们转移到人们身上,他们可以通过大量花钱购买本国选民的钱财。失业救济金和养老金的形式。政治僵局和民主僵局的另一个不幸方面,两者都倾向于减缓增长。哈佛大学的罗伯特·巴罗(Robert Barro)于1994年发表的另一篇论文分析了来自大约100个国家的数据,然后得出的结论是“民主对增长的影响是微弱的负面影响”。

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    《The economist》 |2015年第8944期|64-64|共1页
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