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Chemical weapons: Mustard plants, not mustard gas

机译:化学武器:芥末植物,而不是芥子气

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Of all the nasty ways people have devised to harm each other, chemical weapons are among the worst. But even they have varying levels of unpleasantness. Mustard gas blisters the skin and lungs but is an inefficient way of killing. Nerve agents such as sarin, soman and vx are much more deadly. These can linger for days, and only tiny amounts are needed to cause uncontrollable muscle spasms. Death by suffocation follows swiftly as the victim's diaphragm stops working properly, and he cannot breathe. In a world where the use of chemical weapons is supposed to be prohibited, finding out when and where they have been deployed is important. But that is not as easy as it sounds. Though nerve agents hang around long enough to be formidable weapons, they degrade in the presence of moisture into chemicals called alkyl methylphosphonic acids. These are reliable signals something bad has happened but they, in turn, break down into simple molecules that leave no clear signature of the original poison.
机译:在人们设计用来互相伤害的各种令人讨厌的方式中,化学武器是最糟糕的一种。但是,即使他们有不同程度的不适感。芥子气会使皮肤和肺部起水泡,但杀死效率不高。沙林(Sarin),梭曼(soman)和vx等神经毒剂更具致命性。这些可能会持续数天,仅需极少量即可引起无法控制的肌肉痉挛。由于受害者的隔膜停止正常工作,他无法呼吸,窒息而死。在应该禁止使用化学武器的世界中,查明何时何地部署化学武器很重要。但这并不像听起来那么容易。尽管神经毒剂在周围徘徊了足够长的时间,成为强大的武器,但它们在潮湿的情况下会降解成称为烷基甲基膦酸的化学物质。这些都是可靠的信号,说明发生了不好的事情,但它们又分解成简单的分子,没有留下原始毒药的清晰特征。

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    《The economist》 |2014年第8896期|69-69|共1页
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