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Economics focus

机译:经济学重点

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Doctors study diseases from several vantage points. Laboratory scientists peer into microscopes to observe the behaviour of bugs. Epidemiologists track sickness in populations. Drug-company researchers run clinical trials. Economists have traditionally had a smaller toolkit. When studying growth, they put individual countries under the microscope or conduct crosscountry macroeconomic studies (a bit like epidemiology). But they had nothing like drug trials. Economic data were based on observation and modelling, not controlled experiment.rnThat is changing. A tribe of economists, most from Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), have begun to champion the latest thing in development economics: "randomised evaluations" in which different poli-cies-to boost school attendance, say-are tested by randomly assigning them to different groups. In one celebrated example, researchers looked at what happened in 20 antenatal clinics in western Kenya when some gave away insecticide-treated bed-nets, an anti-malaria therapy, and others sold them for different prices. Their conclusion was that free distribution is far more effective in getting people to use bednets than charging even a nominal sum would be.
机译:医生从多个角度研究疾病。实验室科学家窥视显微镜观察虫子的行为。流行病学家追踪人口中的疾病。药品公司的研究人员进行了临床试验。传统上,经济学家的工具包较小。在研究增长时,他们将单个国家置于显微镜下或进行跨国宏观经济研究(有点像流行病学)。但是他们没有药物试验那样的东西。经济数据是基于观察和建模,而不是受控实验。多数来自哈佛大学和麻省理工学院(MIT)的经济学家部落已开始拥护发展经济学的最新动向:“随机评估”,其中测试了各种不同政策以提高入学率,比如说“测试”。通过将它们随机分配到不同的组。在一个著名的例子中,研究人员观察了肯尼亚西部20个产前诊所的情况,其中一些人赠送了经过杀虫剂处理的蚊帐,一种抗疟疾疗法,而另一些人以不同的价格出售了它们。他们的结论是,免费分发比起收取象征性费用,更能使人们使用蚊帐。

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    《The economist》 |2008年第8584期|100|共1页
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