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Economics focus

机译：经济学重点

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In america they call it the China question. In Europe they call it the America question. In every country that has contemplated regulating greenhouse gases, it is seen as a problem: how can policy ensure that legal limits on emissions do not put local firms at a disadvantage to their foreign competitors? After all, if the cost of compliance puts factories in countries with strict rules out of business, while those in grubbier places flourish, a regulation is worse than useless. The planet's emissions stay the same, or rise, while the country doing its bit for the environment loses investment and jobs.rnPoliticians have been quick to spot this threat. Back in 1997 America's Senate voted by 95-0 to reject any international treaty on climate change that did not embrace industrial rivals such as China. A bill to limit emissions that came close to passing the Senate earlier this month included fearsome "carbon tariffs" on imports from such countries, to help shelter American factories from unfair competition. But warnings from manufacturers that the bill would still cost millions of jobs helped to ensure its defeat. The European Union has already adopted an emissions cap, but France's president, Nicolas Sarkozy, wants it to build in a "carbon tariff" too.
机译：在美国，他们称之为中国问题。在欧洲，他们称之为美国问题。在每个已经计划对温室气体进行管制的国家中，这都被视为一个问题：政策如何确保排放的法律限制不会使本地公司在其外国竞争对手中处于劣势？毕竟，如果合规成本使严格规则国家的工厂停业，而格鲁比尔地区的工厂却蓬勃发展，那么制定一项法规总比没有用处糟糕。地球的排放量保持不变或上升，而该国为保护环境付出的努力却失去了投资和就业机会。政治家们很快发现了这一威胁。早在1997年，美国参议院以95-0投票否决了任何不包括中国等工业竞争对手的国际气候变化条约。本月早些时候即将通过参议院的限制排放的法案包括对从这些国家进口的产品征收令人恐惧的“碳关税”，以帮助美国工厂免受不正当竞争。但是制造商警告说，该法案仍将导致数百万个工作岗位，这有助于确保该法案获得通过。欧盟已经采用了排放上限，但法国总统萨科齐（Nicolas Sarkozy）也希望其建立“碳关税”。

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    《The economist》 |2008年第8585期|106|共1页
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