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Ever higher society, ever harder to ascend

机译：更高的社会，越来越难提升

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The United States likes to think of itself as the very embodiment of meritocracy: a country where people are judged on their individual abilities rather than their family connections. The original colonies were settled by refugees from a Europe in which the restrictions on social mobility were woven into the fabric of the state, and the American revolution was partly a revolt against feudalism. From the outset, Americans believed that equality of opportunity gave them an edge over the Old World, freeing them from debilitating snobberies and at the same time enabling everyone to benefit from the abilities of the entire population. They still do. To be sure, America has often betrayed its fine ideals. The Founding Fathers did not admit women or blacks to their meritocratic republic. The country's elites have repeatedly flirted with the aristocratic principle, whether among the brahmins of Boston or, more flagrantly, the rural ruling class in the South. Yet America has repeatedly succeeded in living up to its best self, their country still does a reasonable job of providing opportunities for everybody, including blacks and women. In Europe, majorities of people in every country except Britain, the Czech Republic and Slovakia believe that forces beyond their personal control determine their success. In America only 32% take such a fatalistic view.
机译：美国喜欢将自己视为精英管理的体现：一个以人们的个人能力而不是家庭联系来判断人们的国家。最初的殖民地由来自欧洲的难民定居，在欧洲，对社会流动性的限制被编织进国家的组织，而美国革命在某种程度上是对封建制度的反抗。从一开始，美国人就认为机会均等使他们在旧世界上占了上风，使他们摆脱了使人衰弱的贪婪，同时又使每个人都能从整个人口的能力中受益。他们仍然这样做。可以肯定的是，美国经常背叛其美好的理想。开国元勋不允许女性或黑人加入他们的精英共和国。不管是波士顿的婆罗门人，还是更南方的乡村统治阶级，美国的精英们都一再嘲弄贵族原则。然而，美国已经一再成功地做到了自己的最佳自我，他们的国家在为包括黑人和妇女在内的所有人提供机会方面仍然做得很合理。在欧洲，除英国，捷克共和国和斯洛伐克以外，每个国家的大多数人都认为，超出个人控制能力的力量决定了他们的成功。在美国，只有32％的人持这种宿命论观点。

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