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Economics focus

机译:经济学重点

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Of the ten richest countries in the world in terms of GDP per head, only two have more than 5m people: the United States, with 260m, and Switzerland, with 7m. A further two have populations over 1m: Norway, with 4m and Singapore, with 3m. The remaining half-dozen have fewer than 1m people. What do such variations imply about the link between population size and prosperity? People have been debating the optimal size of a nation-state since the days of Aristotle. Understandably, given the diminutive size of Greek city-states, he thought that "experience has shown that it is difficult, if not impossible, for a populous state to be run by good laws." The Founding Fathers of the United States fretted about the excessive size of their new nation; but James Madison argued that large size might be an advantage in a democracy, because it reduced the likelihood that special-interest groups would be able to act in unison to suppress the rights of other citizens.
机译:从人均GDP来看,世界上十个最富有的国家中,只有两个拥有超过500万人口:美国为2.6亿,瑞士为700万。另外两个人口超过100万:挪威为400万,新加坡为300万。剩下的一半只有不到100万人。这些变化对人口规模与繁荣之间的联系意味着什么?自亚里斯多德时代以来,人们一直在争论一个民族国家的最佳规模。可以理解的是,考虑到希腊城市国家规模的缩小,他认为“经验表明,即使人口稠密的国家要通过良好的法律来运作也是困难的,即使不是不可能的。”美国开国元勋对新国家的规模过大感到不安。但是詹姆士·麦迪逊(James Madison)认为,在民主制国家中,规模较大可能是一个优势,因为它降低了特殊利益集团能够一致行动以压制其他公民权利的可能性。

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