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The grand view

机译：美景

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Stephen jay gould was no lightweight, physically or intellectually. This vast book, the last one he published before he died in May, unveils his distinctive vision of evolutionary biology―as it should be, as it is, and as it has been. Gould's strategy is to identify a Darwinian essence, the logical core of Darwin's own doctrine, and chart its history. Gould takes that essence to be a three-part thesis about natural selection. The first is about the agency of natural selection. Natural selection almost always acts on individual organisms. In a population of competing individuals, organisms better suited to their circumstances are more likely to survive and reproduce, thus passing their superior characters to their offspring. Since fitter organisms produce more offspring, over time the nature of a population changes. For Darwin, selection almost never acts on groups or species, and harmonious relations in nature are just the side-effect of individual struggle.
机译：斯蒂芬·杰伊·古尔德无论从身体上还是智力上都不轻量。这本浩大的书是他五月份去世前出版的最后一本书，揭示了他对进化生物学的独特见解-无论是应该还是现在，都应该如此。古尔德的策略是确定达尔文主义本质，这是达尔文学说的逻辑核心，并描绘其历史。古尔德将这一本质作为关于自然选择的三部分论文。首先是关于自然选择的代理。自然选择几乎总是作用于单个生物。在一群相互竞争的个体中，更适合其环境的生物更有可能生存和繁殖，从而将其优越的性格传给后代。由于更合适的生物会产生更多的后代，因此种群的性质会随着时间而改变。对于达尔文而言，选择几乎永远不会作用于群体或物种，自然界中的和谐关系只是个体斗争的副作用。

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