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Economics focus

机译：经济学重点

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A spectre haunts finance ministers in the world's rich coun-tries. Looming ever closer is the retirement of the big baby-boom generation born after the second world war. In France, where the retirement age is 60, the demographics start to turn sour as early as 2006. In most other countries, with a retirement age of 65, the date of reckoning is 2011. As the outlook deteriorates, so too will these countries' public finances. Fewer workers will pay contributions into pay-as-you-go state pension systems; more people will be drawing a pension from them. The shock to state pension systems is not caused only by past fluctuations in fertility―the ageing of the baby-boomers, as they become pensioners, and their replacement by a smaller generation of younger workers. It also arises from the rapid advance in life expectancy at older ages. Although naturally welcome, this is extremely costly, so long as retirement ages remain fixed. Company pension plans, for example, have been undermined not only by falling stock prices in the bear market, but also by rising liabilities as a result of increased longevity.
机译：幽灵困扰着世界上富裕国家的财政部长。第二次世界大战后出生的婴儿潮一代的退休越来越近了。在法国，退休年龄为60岁，人口早在2006年就开始恶化。在大多数其他国家，退休年龄为65岁，计算日期为2011年。随着前景的恶化，这些国家也将随之恶化公共财政。更少的工人将向“按需付费”的国家养老金系统缴纳供款；更多的人将从他们那里领取养老金。对国家养老金体系的冲击不仅是由于过去的生育率波动引起的-婴儿潮一代成为养老金领取者之后，婴儿潮一代的衰老，并由一小批年轻工人代替。这也源于老年人的预期寿命的迅速提高。尽管自然很受欢迎，但是只要退休年龄固定，这是非常昂贵的。例如，公司养老金计划不仅受到熊市股票价格下跌的影响，而且由于寿命延长而负债增加的影响。

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