...
  • 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Economy and Society >Social policy and economic development in South America: an historical approach to social insurance
【24h】

Social policy and economic development in South America: an historical approach to social insurance

机译：南美的社会政策和经济发展：社会保险的历史方法

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

This article examines the structural and organizational problems facing social insurance systems in Brazil and the Argentine through the twentieth century. It provides insights which inform contemporary debates about pension reform in Latin America. This area of social policy intervention is central to ongoing analyses of state competence and state capacity that in turn inform efforts to theorize about the state. Much of the present discussion depicts social insurance 'crisis' as a modern phenomenon. Similarly, preoccupations with the macroeconomic objectives of reform, such as the promotion of profitable pension funds as an adjunct to capital market deepening, long-term sustainability, equity and coverage, are often assumed to be peculiar to the late twentieth century. By contrast, this article stresses the generational and cyclical nature of the crises that have plagued social insurance regimes in both countries. It notes that pension funds established for influential groups of workers in the early twentieth century quickly developed substantial deficits and that this was a key factor driving the extension of social insurance (and hence the pool of contributors). Financial instability was exacerbated by states frequently raiding pension funds in lieu of effective fiscal systems. As part of this, the article analyses historic shifts between different social insurance 'models' (individual, capitalized accounts versus pay-as-you-go schemes and monopolistic state systems versus competitive arrangements), evaluating their impact on coverage, equity, financial stability and administrative effectiveness. The article also identifies what may be learnt from differences, as well as similarities, between the two systems. Key points of divergence include the relatively large historic role of the private sector in Brazil and the earlier substantive provision for rural workers there. These differences call into question assertions about the common nature and origins of social insurance crises in Latin America, and in turn about the nature of the state itself. The article finds that, unlike models of Western European welfare capitalism with which they are sometimes compared, social insurance regimes in Brazil and the Argentine were precocious and institutionally fragile. They were also ad hoc and subject to repeated 'reform'. For much of the second half of the twentieth century, the economic weight of the state in middle-income Latin American countries (particularly as regards economic outreach and social policy interventions) seemed to approach that of socialist countries in Eastern Europe. Yet the 'ideology' of growth often owed more to liberal capitalism, echoing East Asia's emphasis on 'state-supported late industrialization'. These contradictions are neatly captured in the historical trajectory of social insurance systems, which demonstrate that Latin American does not fit neatly with categorizations established in the varieties of capitalism discourse.
机译：本文研究了整个二十世纪巴西和阿根廷的社会保险体系所面临的结构和组织问题。它提供的见解为当代有关拉丁美洲养老金改革的辩论提供了参考。社会政策干预的这一领域是对国家能力和国家能力进行持续分析的核心，反过来又有助于对理论进行研究。当前的大部分讨论都将社会保险“危机”描述为一种现代现象。同样，人们通常认为，对改革的宏观经济目标的关注，例如促进盈利的养老基金作为资本市场深化，长期可持续性，公平和覆盖范围的辅助手段，通常是二十世纪后期所特有的。相比之下，本文强调了困扰两国社会保险制度的危机的世代相传和周期性。它指出，在20世纪初期为有影响力的工人群体建立的养老基金迅速出现了巨额赤字，这是推动社会保险（从而扩大了缴款人）范围的关键因素。经常动用养老金来代替有效财政制度的州加剧了金融动荡。作为其中的一部分，本文分析了不同社会保险“模型”（个人资本化帐户与即付即用计划与垄断国家系统与竞争性安排）之间的历史性转变，评估了它们对承保范围，股权，财务稳定性的影响和行政效力。本文还确定了可以从两个系统之间的差异和相似之处中学到什么。分歧的关键点包括巴西私营部门的相对较大的历史性作用，以及较早为巴西农村工人提供的实质性规定。这些差异引起了人们对拉丁美洲社会保险危机的共同性质和起源以及国家本身性质的断言的质疑。这篇文章发现，与有时被用来比较的西欧福利资本主义模式不同，巴西和阿根廷的社会保险制度过早地存在并且体制脆弱。它们也是临时性的，并且需要反复进行“改革”。在20世纪下半叶的大部分时间里，国家在中等收入拉美国家中的经济地位（特别是在经济推广和社会政策干预方面）似乎接近东欧的社会主义国家。然而，增长的“意识形态”往往更多地归功于自由资本主义，与东亚对“国家支持的后期工业化”的重视相呼应。这些矛盾被社会保险制度的历史轨迹巧妙地抓住了，这表明拉丁美洲并不完全符合资本主义话语中确立的分类。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号