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首页> 外文期刊>Ecotoxicology >Combined effects of malathion and nitrate on early growth, abnormalities, and mortality of wood frog (Rana sylvatica) tadpoles
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Combined effects of malathion and nitrate on early growth, abnormalities, and mortality of wood frog (Rana sylvatica) tadpoles

机译：马拉硫磷和硝酸盐对木蛙（Rana sylvatica）early的早期生长，异常和死亡率的综合影响

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Use of pesticides and other agro-chemicals adversely influence amphibians either directly by killing them or by inducing sublethal, chronic effects. Many studies have investigated the effect of mixtures of pesticides or fertilizers. We studied the combined effects of nitrate and malathion ([(dimethoxy phosphino thioyl] butanediotae) on the early growth, expression of abnormalities, and mortality of Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica) tadpoles in a laboratory experiment. Tadpoles were treated with factorial combinations of 0, 8, and 16 mg NO3–N l−1 and 0, 250, 500, and 1,000 μg malathion l−1 for a period of 14 days. Feeding behaviour, total length, mean tadpole mass, frequencies of abnormalities, and survivorship in each treatment were recorded. Malathion showed a significant negative influence on all parameters and strongly influenced the frequencies of morphological anomalies. In contrast, nitrate alone did not produce any significant effects on behavior, total length, tadpole mass, or the frequency of abnormalities during the experiment. Malathion and nitrate had an interactive effect on tadpole length and mass, but did not affect any other parameters. Our results suggest that exposure to malathion, even at relatively low concentrations can have serious negative consequences for Wood Frog tadpoles. In addition, our results also indicate that there was little synergistic interaction between malathion and nitrate exposure under laboratory conditions.
机译：农药和其他农药的使用会直接杀死两栖动物或引起亚致死性慢性影响，从而对两栖动物产生不利影响。许多研究已经调查了农药或肥料混合物的作用。我们在实验室实验中研究了硝酸盐和马拉硫磷（[[（二甲氧基膦基硫醇基]丁二酮）对木蛙（Rana sylvatica）t的早期生长，异常表达和死亡率的联合作用，Ta以0的阶乘组合处理，8和16 mg NO 3 –N l -1 以及0、250、500和1,000μg马拉硫磷l -1 14天的时间里，记录了每次处理的进食行为，总长度，平均t质量，异常发生率和存活率，马拉硫磷对所有参数均具有显着的负面影响，并且对形态异常发生率产生强烈影响。马拉硫磷和硝酸盐对t的长度和质量没有影响，但对行为，总长度，t的质量或异常频率没有明显影响；马拉硫磷和硝酸盐对t的长度和质量有交互作用，但没有影响其他参数。至马拉硫磷，即使浓度相对较低也会对Wood Frog Wood造成严重的负面影响。此外，我们的结果还表明，在实验室条件下，马拉硫磷和硝酸盐暴露之间几乎没有协同相互作用。

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