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Design considerations for virtual laboratories: A comparative study of two virtual laboratories for learning about gas solubility and colour appearance

机译：虚拟实验室的设计注意事项：比较两个用于了解气体溶解度和颜色外观的虚拟实验室的研究

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Building a virtual laboratory for teaching and learning is a highly complex process, incorporating diverse areas such as interaction design, visualisation, and pedagogy. This article focuses on the production and implementation issues that were found in the comparison of two different virtual laboratory projects, and discuss which design considerations can be drawn from these observations. Two web-based virtual laboratories - the Gas Laboratory and the Virtual Colour Laboratory - were developed independently of each other within two different content areas. The laboratories share considerable overlaps in goals and production circumstances. Through a comparison of production and outcome, similar problems related to design, development and implementation were observed. The research uses a mixed method approach combining quantitative pre- and post-tests for assessments, qualitative surveys, and qualitative, ethnographic observations and interviews. By comparing the background material, five design challenges for developing virtual laboratories are identified: 1) how to balance ambitions with available resources; 2) how to balance intended levels of user interaction with exploratory freedom; 3) how to find appropriate levels of realism depending on target group; 4) how to choose between mimicking real world appearance and enhanced features; and 5) how to find the best learning situation for the virtual laboratory. To meet these challenges, the following design considerations are proposed: Guide the design work with a clear understanding of purpose and context; select appropriate technology to ensure efficient design and media usage; select level of realism considering purpose and end users; and provide learning guides before and after the virtual lab session.
机译：建立一个用于教学的虚拟实验室是一个非常复杂的过程，其中包含交互设计，可视化和教学法等各个领域。本文重点介绍在两个不同的虚拟实验室项目的比较中发现的生产和实施问题，并讨论可以从这些观察中得出哪些设计注意事项。在两个不同的内容区域内，彼此独立地开发了两个基于Web的虚拟实验室-气体实验室和虚拟色彩实验室。这些实验室在目标和生产环境上有很多重叠之处。通过比较生产和结果，发现了与设计，开发和实施相关的类似问题。这项研究使用了一种混合方法，结合了定量的测试前和测试后，评估，定性调查以及定性，人种学观察和访谈。通过比较背景材料，确定了开发虚拟实验室的五个设计挑战：1）如何平衡雄心和可用资源； 2）如何在用户交互的预期水平与探索自由之间取得平衡； 3）如何根据目标人群找到合适的现实水平； 4）如何在模仿真实世界外观和增强功能之间进行选择； 5）如何找到虚拟实验室的最佳学习情况。为了应对这些挑战，提出了以下设计注意事项：引导设计工作时清楚地了解目的和上下文；选择适当的技术以确保有效的设计和媒体使用；考虑目的和最终用户，选择现实水平；并在虚拟实验室会议之前和之后提供学习指南。

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