Between 1996 and 2000, policymakers in 18 states passed laws and issued regulatory orders calling for the introduction of retail compe- tition in their electricity sectors. Following the California electricity market crisis (2000-2001), however, there has been a sharp directional change in state policy. Since 2000, no state has passed a law or issued a regulatory order calling for retail competition for small customers; and in 2001, Arkansas, Nevada, and several other states acted to delay or cancel plans for retail competition.
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