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A distributed game-theoretic demand response with multi-class appliance control in smart grid

机译：智能电网中具有多类设备控制的分布式博弈论需求响应

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摘要

We propose an event-triggered game-theoretic strategy for managing the power grids demand side, capable of responding to changes in consumer preferences or the price parameters coming from the wholesale market. The relationship between the retailer and the residential consumers is modeled as one-leader, N-follower Stackelberg game. We provide a detailed characterization of the household appliances to reflect the reality and improve the efficiency of the demand response (DR). Moreover, to consider all the appliances' essentials, the consumer's objective function is formulated as a mixed integer non-linear program (MINLP), which, unlike conventional procedures, is solved via an integrated method. The proposed method consists of a day-ahead stage, in which the DR problem is solved for the next scheduling horizon, and a real-time stage which runs repeatedly to tackle the change in the parameters and adapt to the new condition. For any change in the grid, the consumers use the estimated optimal parameters (given by the original objective function) and develop another Stackelberg game based solution to maximize the satisfaction level. Given the appliances of multi-class nature, the proposed method is shown to be very tractable for ancillary services and reducing the mismatch between the renewable power generation and the load demand.
机译：我们提出了一种事件触发的博弈论策略，用于管理电网需求侧，能够响应消费者偏好的变化或来自批发市场的价格参数。零售商和居民之间的关系被建模为单领导，N跟随者Stackelberg游戏。我们提供了家用电器的详细特性，以反映现实情况并提高需求响应（DR）的效率。此外，为了考虑所有电器的本质，将消费者的目标函数表述为混合整数非线性程序（MINLP），与常规程序不同，它是通过集成方法求解的。所提出的方法包括一个提前阶段和一个实时阶段，该阶段可以解决下一个调度范围的DR问题，该实时阶段可以反复运行以解决参数的变化并适应新的条件。对于网格中的任何变化，消费者使用估计的最佳参数（由原始目标函数给定）并开发另一个基于Stackelberg游戏的解决方案，以最大程度地提高满意度。考虑到多类设备，建议的方法对于辅助服务非常易于处理，可减少可再生能源发电与负荷需求之间的不匹配。

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