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Potential of aggregated escalator loads in demand response

机译：需求响应中自动扶梯总负荷的潜力

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This article uses modeling to demonstrate the potential of utilizing aggregated electrical load of escalators in demand response events and, in particular, for frequency containment reserve markets (FCR). In the paper, we model 3000 commercial and transportation escalators, creating five scenarios, where the ratio of intermittent-operating escalators varies from 0% to 100% at intervals of 25%. The model employs partial speed reduction during an hour as the main method for curtailment of power consumption. The power profiles of the aggregated escalator load are calculated for each hour in each scenario for two methods of power curtailment. In the first method, the speed change happens only when there is no passengers on the escalator to accommodate the safety measures. The second method applies the speed change within one second from the time of initiation, regardless of passengers presence on the escalator. The results clearly indicate that escalators have potential to participate in frequency containment DR events either as a stand-alone aggregated load or as a part of a more complex solution with other technologies. With 3000 escalator units and the ratio of intermittent-operating escalators above 25%, there is potential for curtailing from 0.5 to 3 MW of power consumption and the possibility to participate in FCR-N and -D markets.
机译：本文使用模型来演示在需求响应事件中，尤其是在频率限制储备市场（FCR）中利用自动扶梯的总电负载的潜力。在本文中，我们对3000个商业和运输自动扶梯进行建模，创建了五个方案，其中间歇性运行的自动扶梯的比例从0％到100％间隔为25％。该模型将一小时内的部分速度降低作为减少功耗的主要方法。对于每种功率削减方法，在每种情况下每小时针对每个小时计算的自动扶梯总负载功率曲线。在第一种方法中，只有在自动扶梯上没有乘客采取安全措施时才发生速度变化。第二种方法从启动时间起一秒钟内应用速度变化，而不管乘客是否出现在自动扶梯上。结果清楚地表明，自动扶梯有可能作为独立的总负荷或作为其他技术的更复杂解决方案的一部分，参与频率抑制DR事件。随着3000个自动扶梯单元和间歇性自动扶梯的比例超过25％，有可能将功耗从0.5 MW降低到3 MW，并有可能参与FCR-N和-D市场。

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