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首页> 外文期刊>Electric power systems research >The breakthrough phase of lightning attachment process: From collision of opposite-polarity streamers to hot-channel connection
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The breakthrough phase of lightning attachment process: From collision of opposite-polarity streamers to hot-channel connection

机译：闪电附件工艺的突破阶段：从相反极性拖缆的碰撞到热通道连接

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Recent progress in studying the breakthrough phase (BTP) of the attachment process in lightning and long sparks is reviewed. The main focus is on the new insights gained from recent observations for 3 types of electric discharges: natural lightning (Nag et al., 2012; Tran and Rakov, 2017a,c), rocket-and-wire triggered lightning (Howard et al., 2010; Hill et al., 2016), and long sparks (Kostinskiy et al., 2016). The BTP (also known as the final jump) starts when the poorly-conducting streamer zones, developing ahead of the hot channels of negative downward leader (DL) and positive upward connecting leader (UCL), come in contact and a common streamer zone (CSZ) is formed. The beginning of BTP (establishment of CSZ) is usually marked by an abrupt current rise, a burst of dE/dt pulses (referred to as leader burst or LB), and hard X-ray emission. During the BTP, hot channels of both DL and UCL extend toward each other inside the CSZ, resulting in its shrinking, until the high-impedance CSZ is eliminated and low-impedance connection of DL to the grounded object is established. The process of bridging of CSZ by hot leader channels is accompanied by the formation of slow front (SF) in the channel current and in electric and magnetic field waveforms at both close and far distances from the channel. Attempted or relatively weak hot-channel connections producing current surges and associated field pulses superimposed on the SF (SF pulses) can occur. The SF lasts some microseconds and ends at the onset of the submicrosecond-scale fast transition (Fr), which signifies the end of BTP. During the BTP, the current rises from the UCL level of the order of tens to hundreds of amperes to about 50% of the overall (SF + FT) current peak, which is of the order of tens of kiloamperes (for negative first strokes). This two orders of magnitude current rise during the BTP occurs before the collision of hot leader channels inside the CSZ; that is, before the onset of return stroke proper.
机译：综述了研究闪电和长火花中附着过程的突破阶段（BTP）的最新进展。主要重点是从最近观察到3种电力放电的新见解：自然闪电（Nag等，2012年; Tran和Rakov，2017a，C），火箭和电线触发闪电（Howard等人。 ，2010; Hill等，2016）和长火花（Kostinskiy等，2016）。当传导般的飘带区域发出不良的飘带区域，在负向下引导（DL）和正向上的连接领导者（UCL）的热通道上发生时，启动BTP（也称为最终跳跃）开始，与共同的拖缆区（形成CSZ）。 BTP的开始（建立CSZ）通常由突然的电流上升标记，突发的DE / DT脉冲（称为领导突发或LB），以及硬X射线发射。在BTP期间，DL和UCL的热通道在CSZ内部彼此延伸，导致其收缩，直到消除了高阻抗CSZ并且DL对接地物体的低阻抗连接。通过热引导通道桥接CSZ的过程伴随着沟道电流和电磁场波形中的慢前部（SF）的形成，并且在靠近通道的远距离。产生产生电流浪涌和叠加在SF（SF脉冲）上的电流浪涌和相关领域脉冲的相对较弱的热通道连接。 SF持续某些微秒，并在亚微秒级快速转换（FR）的开始时结束，这表示BTP的结束。在BTP期间，目前从UCL级别的大约数十倍到大约50％的总体（SF + FT）电流峰值的升高，这是数十只千锥（对于负第一笔画）的顺序。在BTP期间发生了两个数量级电流上升，在CSZ内的热门领导通道的碰撞之前发生;也就是说，在返回行程的开始之前正确。

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