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Optimal use of incentive and price based demand response to reduce costs and price volatility

机译：最佳使用激励和基于价格的需求响应，以降低成本和价格波动

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摘要

There are two general categories of demand response (DR): price-based and incentive-based DR programs. Each one has its own benefits taking advahtage of different aspects of flexible demand. In this paper, both categories of DR are modeled based on the demand-price elasticity concept to design an optimum scheme for achieving the maximum benefit of DR. The objective is to not only reduce costs and improve reliability but also to increase customer acceptance of a DR program by limiting price volatility. Time of use (TOU) programs are considered for a price-based scheme designed using a monthly peak and off-peak tariff. For the incentive-based DR, a novel optimization is proposed that in addition to calculation of an adequate and a reasonable amount of load change for the incentive, the best times to realize the DR is found. This optimum threshold maximizes benefit considering the comfort level of customers as a constraint. Results from a reduced model of the WECC show the proposed DR program leads to a significant benefit for both the load serving entities (LSEs) and savings in customer's electricity payment. It also reduces both the average and standard deviation of the monthly locational marginal price (LMP). The proposed DR scheme maintains simplicity for a small customer to follow and for LSEs to implement. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：需求响应（DR）一般分为两类：基于价格的和基于激励的灾难恢复计划。充分利用灵活需求的各个方面，每个人都有其自己的利益。本文基于需求价格弹性概念对两类灾难恢复进行建模，以设计一种实现灾难恢复最大收益的最优方案。目标不仅是降低成本和提高可靠性，还在于通过限制价格波动来提高客户对DR计划的接受度。使用时间（TOU）程序被认为是基于价格的计划，该计划使用每月的峰值和非峰值资费来设计。对于基于激励的灾难恢复，提出了一种新颖的优化方法，该算法除了计算足够和合理数量的激励负载变化外，还找到了实现灾难恢复的最佳时间。以客户的舒适度为约束条件，该最佳阈值可最大化收益。 WECC简化模型的结果表明，拟议的灾难恢复计划可为负载服务实体（LSE）带来显着收益，并节省客户的电费。它还减少了每月位置边际价格（LMP）的平均和标准偏差。拟议的灾难恢复方案为小客户遵循和实施LSE保持了简单性。 （C）2016 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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