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Application of smart grid specifications to overcome excessive load shedding in Alexandria, Egypt

机译：应用智能电网规范来克服埃及亚历山大港的过度甩负荷

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摘要

Recently, limited generation capability of conventional thermal power plants due to shortage in fuel supply in addition to the rapid increase in load demand resulted in repeated and prolonged load shedding all over the country. To overcome this problem, the use of renewable energy sources (RES) and modifying the network into a smart grid are necessary. As the utility, in addition to the private sector of investors, are responsible for the construction of renewable energy plants, customers are responsible for the reduction of peak demand. Demand side management (DSM) programs are important tools in a smart grid that helps to reduce the peak demand and adjust the load profile with the contribution of customers. Energy resources planning integrating DSM lead to reduction in the overall operational cost, an increase in the reserve of generating units and improvement of the sustainability of the supply (reduction of load shedding). In this paper, a modified firefly based optimization algorithm is proposed for optimal DSM of different load types and optimal energy resources schedule. The objective of the proposed modified firefly algorithm (MFA) is to minimize the overall operational cost including consumed energy cost, generated energy cost, energy loss cost, grid energy cost, unserved energy cost and startup cost of thermal generating units. A day-ahead unit commitment planning of diesel generators is carried out to provide the required energy while keeping the spinning reserve of the units within its allowable limits. An economic dispatch of committed units is considered for minimum generation cost. The proposed MFA is applied to the 66 kV, 45 bus distribution network of Alexandria, Egypt which is supported by multiple, different types of distributed generating units (DGs). (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：最近，由于传统的火力发电厂的发电能力有限，除了燃料需求迅速增加外，由于燃料供应不足，导致全国各地反复出现长时间的减负荷。为克服此问题，必须使用可再生能源（RES）并将网络修改为智能电网。由于公用事业，除了投资者的私人部门，还负责建设可再生能源工厂，因此，客户也负责减少高峰需求。需求方管理（DSM）程序是智能电网中的重要工具，可帮助减少高峰需求并根据客户的需求调整负载曲线。整合DSM的能源资源计划可降低总体运营成本，增加发电机组的储备，并改善供应的可持续性（减少甩负荷）。针对不同负荷类型的最优DSM和最优能源调度，提出了一种基于萤火虫的改进型优化算法。所提出的改进的萤火虫算法（MFA）的目的是使总体运行成本降到最低，包括消耗的能源成本，发电的能源成本，能源的损失成本，电网的能源成本，无用的能源成本以及火力发电机组的启动成本。对柴油发电机组进行了提前一天的机组承诺计划，以提供所需的能量，同时将机组的旋转储备保持在其允许的范围内。可以考虑以经济的方式分配承诺单位，以最小化发电成本。拟议的MFA应用于埃及亚历山大港的66 kV，45母线配电网络，该网络由多种不同类型的分布式发电装置（DG）支持。 （C）2015 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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