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Applications of collaborative annotation system in digital curation, crowdsourcing, and digital humanities

机译：协作注释系统在数字策展，众包和数字人文科学中的应用

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Purpose-Collaboratively annotating digital texts allow users to add valued information, share ideas and create knowledge. Most importantly, annotated content can help users obtain a deeper and broader understanding of a text compared to digital content without annotations. This work proposes a novel collaborative annotation system (CAS) with four types of multimedia annotations including text annotation, picture annotation, voice annotation and video annotation which can embedded into any HTML Web pages to enable users to collaboratively add and manage annotations on these pages and provide a shared mechanism for discussing shared annotations among multiple users. By applying the CAS in a mashup on static HTML Web pages, this study aims to discuss the applications of CAS in digital curation, crowdsourcing and digital humanities to encourage existing strong relations among them. Design/methodology/approach-This work adopted asynchronous JavaScript (Ajax) and a model-viewcontroller framework to implement a CAS with reading annotation tools for knowledge creating, archiving and sharing services, as well as applying the implemented CAS to support digital curation, crowdsourcing and digital humanities. A questionnaire survey method was used to investigate the ideas and satisfaction of visitors who attended a digital curation with CAS support in the item dimensions of the interactivity with displayed products, the attraction and the content absorption effect. Also, to collect qualitative data that may not be revealed by the questionnaire survey, semi-structured interviews were performed at the end of the digital curation exhibition activity. Additionally, the effects of the crowdsourcing and digital humanities with CAS support on collecting and organizing ideas and opinions for historical events and promoting humanity research outcomes were considered as future works because they all need to take a long time to investigate. Findings-Based on the questionnaire survey, this work found that the digital curation with CAS support revealed the highest rating score in terms of the item dimension of attraction effect. The result shows applying CAS to support digital curation is practicable, novel and interesting to visitors. Additionally, this work also successfully applied the developed CAS to crowdsourcing and digital humanities so that the two research fields may be brought into a new ground. Originality/value-Based on the CAS, this work developed a novel digital curation approach which has a high degree of satisfaction on attraction effect to visitors, an innovative crowdsourcing platform that combined with a digital archive system to efficiently gather collective intelligence to solve the difficult problems of identifying digital archive contents and a high potential digital humanity research mode that can assist humanities scholars to annotate the texts with distinct interpretation and viewpoints on an ancient map, as well as discuss with other humanities scholars to stimulate discussion onmore issues.
机译：目的性协作注释数字文本使用户可以添加有价值的信息，共享想法和创造知识。最重要的是，与不带注释的数字内容相比，带注释的内容可以帮助用户更深入，更广泛地理解文本。这项工作提出了一种新颖的协作注释系统（CAS），其中包含四种类型的多媒体注释，包括文本注释，图片注释，语音注释和视频注释，它们可以嵌入到任何HTML网页中，从而使用户能够在这些页面上协作添加和管理注释，以及提供了一种用于在多个用户之间讨论共享注释的共享机制。通过在静态HTML网页上的混搭中应用CAS，本研究旨在讨论CAS在数字策展，众包和数字人文科学中的应用，以鼓励它们之间存在牢固的关系。设计/方法/方法-这项工作采用异步JavaScript（Ajax）和模型-视图控制器框架来实现带有阅读批注工具的CAS，以用于知识创建，归档和共享服务，以及将实现的CAS用于支持数字策展，众包和数字人文学科。使用问卷调查法调查了在CAS支持下参加数字策展的访客的想法和满意度，这些因素涉及与展示产品的互动性，吸引力和内容吸收效果的项目维度。另外，为了收集问卷调查无法揭示的定性数据，在数字策展展览活动结束时进行了半结构化访谈。此外，在CAS的支持下，众包和数字人文学科对收集和组织历史事件的思想和观点以及促进人类学研究成果的影响被认为是未来的工作，因为它们都需要花费很长时间进行调查。调查结果-基于问卷调查，这项工作发现，在CAS支持下的数字策展在吸引效果的项目维度方面显示出最高的评分得分。结果表明，将CAS用于支持数字策展是切实可行的，新颖的并且对访客来说很有趣。此外，这项工作还成功地将已开发的CAS应用于众包和数字人文科学，从而可以将这两个研究领域带入一个新的领域。独创性/价值-基于CAS，这项工作开发了一种新颖的数字策展方法，该方法对访问者的吸引效果具有很高的满意度，一个创新的众包平台与数字档案系统相结合，可以有效地收集集体智慧以解决难题识别数字档案内容的问题以及高潜力的数字人文研究模式可以帮助人文学者在古代地图上以独特的解释和观点注释文本，并与其他人文学者进行讨论以激发对更多问题的讨论。

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