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Exploring the pathway from zero-energy to zero-emission building solutions: A case study of a Norwegian office building

机译：探索从零能耗到零排放的建筑解决方案的途径：以挪威办公楼为例

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This paper explores the most influential aspects regarding the environmental and economic performance of zero-energy and zero-emission buildings and proposes a pathway for transition in building solutions. A representative zero-energy office building in Norway is investigated with alternative design solutions to achieve zero-emission status i.e., the extensive use of locally generated energy through photovoltaic (PV) panels and the use of materials with low embodied emissions, such as low-carbon concrete and wood. A life cycle environmental and economic assessment is performed to evaluate specific indicators during the building life cycle: cumulative energy (CED), global warming potential (GWP), and equivalent annual cost (EAC).The extensive use of PV panels was most effective in lowering the operational energy because it reduced the CED by about 30% compared to the building as-built. However, the extensive use of wood in the construction contributed the most to GWP reduction, with around 30% decrease compared to the building as-built. Finally, the differences in EAC were interestingly insignificant among the alternatives, with the investment costs dominating the EAC for all designs examined.The findings of this paper emphasise that a full compensation of the life cycle GHG emissions from materials is difficult to achieve through renewable energy, even with extensive use of PV panels, especially in a low-carbon grid situation as in Norway. A pathway strategy from zero-energy towards zero-emission buildings must therefore strongly focus on the materials' embodied energy and emissions because low operational energy demand is already a regulatory priority in most countries. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：本文探讨了有关零能耗和零排放建筑的环境和经济绩效方面最具影响力的方面，并提出了建筑解决方案过渡的途径。挪威有代表性的零能耗办公楼已通过替代设计解决方案进行了研究，以实现零排放状态，即通过光伏（PV）面板广泛使用本地产生的能源，以及使用低内含物排放的材料，例如低排放物。碳混凝土和木材。进行生命周期环境和经济评估以评估建筑生命周期中的特定指标：累积能量（CED），全球变暖潜力（GWP）和等效年成本（EAC）。降低了运营能源，因为与建成的建筑物相比，它降低了CED约30％。但是，在建筑中大量使用木材是减少全球升温潜能值的最大原因，与建成的建筑相比减少了约30％。最后，有趣的是，替代方案之间的EAC差异微不足道，投资成本主导了所有设计的EAC。本文的研究结果强调，通过可再生能源很难完全补偿材料生命周期中的GHG排放量即使在广泛使用光伏面板的情况下，尤其是在挪威等低碳电网的情况下。因此，从零能耗建筑向零排放建筑的过渡战略必须重点关注材料的内在能量和排放，因为在大多数国家/地区，低运营能源需求已成为监管重点。 （C）2019 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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