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Assessment of the current thermal performance level of the Swiss residential building stock: Statistical analysis of energy performance certificates

机译：评估瑞士住宅建筑的当前热力性能水平：能源性能证书的统计分析

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摘要

The reduction of energy consumption in the existing building stock is a crucial element of the Swiss Energy Strategy 2050 in view of the fact that the built environment accounts for more than 44% of the final energy use in Switzerland. It is therefore necessary to characterise the Swiss building stock and in particular the residential sector at an appropriate degree of detail, distinguishing between various types of buildings (archetypes) and building elements in order to identify the untapped potential for energy retrofit. In this paper, the current thermal performance and retrofit state of the Swiss residential building stock is examined based on approximately 10,400 Cantonal Building Energy Certificates issued for individual buildings across the country. The statistical analysis of the certificates allows to estimate a thermal performance level of archetype buildings and their respective building elements as well as of the heating systems. For this purpose, we develop a method allowing to obtain typical U-Values for original and retrofitted buildings from the total U-Value distributions. Our results indicate that approximately 75% of all building elements do not yet reach the thermal performance of buildings constructed in the last 15 years. In order to reach current low-energy building standards (MINERGIE P), the U-Values of building elements constructed prior to 1990 would have to be reduced by a factor of three to more than six, from 0.5-1 W/(m(2)K) to 0.15 W/(m(2)K); windows would require an improvement by at least a factor of two, from 2.5-2 to 0.9W/(m(2)K). With regard to heat supply, 50% of the surface area is still heated by inefficient and CO2-intensive oil-fired boilers. The results of this study hence confirm the high potential for thermal retrofit in the Swiss residential building stock. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：考虑到建筑环境占瑞士最终能源使用量的44％以上，减少现有建筑材料的能耗是《瑞士2050年能源战略》的关键要素。因此，有必要以适当的细节来描述瑞士建筑存量，尤其是住宅部门的特征，区分各种类型的建筑（原型）和建筑元素，以便确定尚未开发的能源翻新潜力。在本文中，将根据为全国各地的个别建筑物颁发的约10,400份州建筑节能证书，对瑞士住宅建筑存量的当前热力性能和改造状态进行检查。通过对证书的统计分析，可以估算原型建筑及其各自建筑元素以及供暖系统的热性能水平。为此，我们开发了一种方法，可以从总U值分布中获得原始和翻新建筑物的典型U值。我们的结果表明，在过去15年中，尚有约75％的建筑构件尚未达到建筑物的热性能。为了达到当前的低能耗建筑标准（MINERGIE P），1990年之前建造的建筑构件的U值必须从0.5-1 W /（m（ 2）K）至0.15 W /（m（2）K）;从2.5-2到0.9W /（m（2）K），windows至少需要提高两倍。在供热方面，仍然有50％的表面积被效率低下且CO2浓度高的燃油锅炉加热。因此，这项研究的结果证实了瑞士住宅建筑存量的热改造潜力很大。 （C）2018 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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