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Influence of occupant behavior and operation on performance of a residential Zero Emission Building in Norway

机译：乘员行为和操作对挪威某住宅零排放建筑性能的影响

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It has been proven that occupant behavior may significantly change building energy performance. The effect of the occupant behavior is becoming even bigger when it comes to highly energy efficient buildings. Specifically Zero Emission Buildings (ZEB) may become an issue for the electric grid, because they are supposed to be actively connected to the electricity grid for electricity import and export. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the change in the energy performance of a ZEB located in Norway. Occupant behavior was modelled by using the following methods standard schedules, well-defined profiles based on thorough statistical analysis, and stochastic methods To analyze the grid stress, 31 scenarios for different occupant behaviors were analyzed. The overall estimation of investigated parameters showed that the change in occupant behavior resulted in grid stress variance from 5% to +13% compared to the reference case based on the standard values. The results showed that the occupant behavior might change the annual energy balance reliability by 20%. However, the results showed that the influence of the occupant behavior related to the window opening and domestic hot tap water would not significantly change the ZEB energy performance. Window opening would even decrease the cooling load. A very important conclusion of this study is that consideration of occupant behavior through challenging the standard values are highly necessary for reliable energy analysis of the ZEB solutions. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：已经证明，乘员的行为可能会大大改变建筑的能源性能。当涉及到高能效建筑时，乘员行为的影响变得更大。特别是零排放建筑物（ZEB）可能会成为电网的一个问题，因为它们应该积极地连接到电网以进行电力进出口。因此，本研究的目的是评估位于挪威的ZEB的能源性能变化。使用以下方法对乘员行为进行建模：标准时间表，基于全面统计分析的定义明确的配置文件以及随机方法为了分析网格应力，分析了31种不同乘员行为的场景。根据研究参数的总体估计，与乘员行为相比，乘员行为的变化导致网格应力与基于标准值的参考案例相比从5％变为+ 13％。结果表明，乘员行为可能会使年度能量平衡的可靠性改变20％。但是，结果表明，与开窗和生活自来水有关的乘员行为的影响不会显着改变ZEB的能源性能。开窗甚至会降低冷却负荷。该研究的一个非常重要的结论是，对于ZEB解决方案进行可靠的能量分析，通过挑战标准值来考虑乘员的行为非常必要。 （C）2017 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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