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Techno-economic and off-design analysis of stand-alone, distributed-scale reversible solid oxide cell energy storage systems

机译：独立的分布式可逆固体氧化物电池储能系统的技术经济和非设计分析

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Reversible solid oxide cells may be a cost competitive energy storage technology at the distributed scale. Leveraging C-O-H chemistry and operating near 600 degrees C allows the cells to be exothermic in both modes, improving efficiency and operability. This study characterizes ReSOC balance-of-plant hardware off-design performance to investigate component mode compatibility, the effect of tank dynamics, and part-load performance for a 100 kW/800 kWh plant. We also introduce a variable volume floating piston tank concept to improve energy storage density and evaluate operability advantages. Results show that with proper system design, balance-of-plant components are compatible, and tank dynamics have minimal impact when tanks are uninsulated and designed for storage near ambient temperature. System AC roundtrip efficiency is between 53% and 54%, depending on the tank technology selected and the compressor operating approach. Energy density is 84.4 kWh/m(3) for rigid tanks, and 146.1 kWh/m(3) for the variable volume tank concept at 100 bar storage pressure. This study also shows that ReSOC systems can maintain high efficiency at part-loads as low as 15% of rated capacity, Economic analysis of the system estimates an installed capital cost of $422-452/kWh, and a levelized cost of storage of 18.8-19.6 (sic)/kWh, values competitive with state-of-the-art battery technology.
机译：在分布式规模上，可逆固体氧化物电池可能是一种具有成本竞争力的储能技术。利用C-O-H化学物质并在600摄氏度附近操作，可使细胞在两种模式下均放热，从而提高了效率和可操作性。这项研究表征了ReSOC的工厂平衡硬件非设计性能，以研究100 kW / 800 kWh工厂的组件模式兼容性，储罐动力学的影响以及部分负载性能。我们还引入了可变容积浮动活塞箱概念，以提高能量存储密度并评估可操作性优势。结果表明，通过适当的系统设计，工厂平衡的组件可以兼容，并且当储罐未绝缘且设计为在环境温度附近存储时，储罐动态影响最小。系统交流往返效率在53％到54％之间，具体取决于所选的储气罐技术和压缩机的运行方式。在100 bar的储存压力下，刚性储罐的能量密度为84.4 kWh / m（3），而可变容积储罐概念的能量密度为146.1 kWh / m（3）。这项研究还表明，ReSOC系统在低至额定容量15％的部分负荷下仍可保持较高的效率，对该系统的经济分析估计，其安装资本成本为422-452美元/千瓦时，而存储的平均成本为18.8- 19.6（sic）/ kWh，此值可与最新的电池技术相比。

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