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Optimum number and arrangement of evacuated-tube solar collectors under various operating conditions

机译：在各种操作条件下的最佳数量的真空管太阳能集热器和布置

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摘要

Evacuated-tube solar collectors are featured by high outlet temperatures with a relatively high thermal efficiency and no direct environmental impacts. However, improper selection of the number of collectors and their arrangement, can lead to undesirable increase in the footprint and capital cost resulted from manufacturing and installation processes. The present work aims at optimizing the total number of tubes and their arrangement for large arrays of evacuated-tube collectors that are used to serve a heat driven cycle working at a relatively high inlet temperature, such as adsorption and absorption chillers and desalination systems. A deduced expression for the thermal efficiency of the evacuated-tube collector has been validated experimentally for different series and parallel arrangements. The experimental validation indicates the capability of the expression to predict the exit water temperature with a maximum relative error of 2%. Optimization charts for the optimum number and arrangement of tubes are produced at different climatic and operating conditions. Effects of the solar irradiance, mass flow rate and temperature rise on the minimum number of tubes and the corresponding arrangement are investigated and discussed. The optimization tactic used in the present study reveals that a reduction in the total number of tubes up to 41% can be achieved leading to a considerable saving in the initial cost.
机译：真空管式太阳能集热器的特点是出口温度高，热效率相对较高，并且没有直接的环境影响。但是，收集器数量及其布置的选择不当会导致制造和安装过程中所占面积和资金成本的不期望增加。当前的工作旨在优化用于大排空管收集器的管的总数及其布置，这些排管收集器用于在相对较高的入口温度下工作的热驱动循环，例如吸附和吸收式冷却器和脱盐系统。对于不同的串联和并联布置，已通过实验验证了真空管集热器的热效率推导表达式。实验验证表明该表达式能够预测出水温度，最大相对误差为2％。在不同的气候和操作条件下，会生成用于优化管子数量和布置的优化图表。研究并讨论了太阳辐照度，质量流量和温度升高对最小管数和相应布置的影响。本研究中使用的优化策略表明，可将总管数减少多达41％，从而可节省大量初始成本。

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