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Dynamic modeling for assessment of steam cycle operation in waste-fired combined heat and power plants

机译：蒸汽循环运转评估蒸汽杂交热电厂中的动态建模

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As the share of non-dispatchable energy sources in power systems increases, thermal power plants are expected to experience load variations to a greater extent. Waste-fired combined heat and power has multiple products and is today primarily operated for waste incineration and to generate heat. To consider load variations in the power demand at these plants may be a way to provide system services and obtain revenue, however, the transient interaction between power and district heating generation for the type of steam systems used should be studied. This work describes the transient characteristics and timescales of cogeneration steam cycles to discuss the operational interactions between power and district heating generation. A dynamic model of the steam cycle of a 48 MW waste-fired combined heat and power plant is developed using physical equations and the modeling language Modelica. The model is successfully validated quantitatively for both steady-state and transient operation with data from a reference plant and is shown capable of characterizing the internal dynamics of combined heat and power plant processes. Simulations are performed to analyze steam cycle responses to step changes, ramps and sinusoidal disturbances of boiler load changes and variability in district heating inlet temperature and flow. The results give insight on the process timescales for the specific case studied; for example, with the present design a 10% boiler load change requires up to 15 min for responses to settle, while the corresponding time for a 10% change in district heating flow or temperature show settling times within 5 min. Furthermore, increasing the boiler ramp rate from 2 to 4%/min could reduce the rise time of power generation by 42%, which could be of economic significance in day-ahead power markets.
机译：随着电力系统中的不可驾销能源的份额增加，预计热电厂将在更大程度上经历负载变化。烧制的综合热量和动力有多种产品，目前主要用于废物焚烧并产生热量。为了考虑这些工厂的电力需求中的负载变化可能是提供系统服务的方法，并获得收入，然而，应研究使用的蒸汽系统类型的电力和区供热之间的瞬态相互作用。这项工作描述了热电联产蒸汽循环的瞬态特征和时间尺度，以讨论电力和区供热之间的操作相互作用。使用物理方程式和建模语言模型开发了48 MW废物烧制的热量和发电厂的蒸汽循环的动态模型。该模型定量地用于稳态和瞬态操作，以及来自参考工厂的数据，并显示能够表征组合热和电厂工艺的内部动态。进行仿真以分析蒸汽循环响应到锅炉负荷变化的步骤变化，斜坡和正弦扰动和区供热入口温度和流量的可变性。结果介绍了所研究的具体案例的过程时间尺度;例如，随着本设计，10％锅炉负荷变化需要最多15分钟的响应沉降，而区域加热流量的相应时间为10％变化或温度在5分钟内显示稳定时间。此外，将锅炉坡道率从2〜4％/分钟增加，可以将发电的上升时间降低42％，这可能是在前方推销中的经济意义。

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