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Techno-economic analysis of a membrane-hybrid process as a novel low- energy alternative for zero liquid discharge systems

机译：膜 - 杂交工艺的技术经济分析作为零液体排放系统的新型低能替代品

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Within the framework of a sustainable economy, industrial effluent management currently faces minimal liquid discharge or zero liquid discharge processes. To reduce energy consumption, forward osmosis has been introduced into zero liquid discharge system. The main disadvantage of forward osmosis is the high-energy consumption of the draw solution regeneration. Herein the regeneration stage is subjected to a techno-economic analysis using a novel membrane technology known as cascading osmotically mediated reverse osmosis. The objective of this work was the techno-economic study of water recovery from real effluents from the metallurgical industry, using a novel combined novel system. The liquid effluents employed in this work were real currents provided by Atlantic Cooper (Huelva, Spain). The experimental results showed that up to 75% of water can be recovered (for 20 L/m(2).h at 20% of sodium chloride). The specific energy consumption and economic cost of the novel hybrid process were estimated as 7.4 kWh(e)/m(3) and 6.05 $/m(3) of recovered water, respectively. Thus, this novel proposal seems a promising alternative for zero liquid discharge systems in the metallurgical industry.
机译：在可持续经济的框架内，工业废水管理目前面临最小的液体排放或零液体排放过程。为了降低能耗，已经将前渗透渗透到零液体排放系统中。前向渗透的主要缺点是汲取溶液再生的高能量消耗。在此，使用称为级联渗透介导的反渗透的新型膜技术进行再生阶段的技术经济分析。这项工作的目标是使用新型组合新型系统从冶金工业中从冶金工业中的实际污水回收的技术经济研究。本作工作中所采用的液体流出物是大西洋组织（西班牙韦尔瓦）提供的真正电流。实验结果表明，高达75％的水可以回收（氯化钠20％的20升/米（2）.h）。新型杂化过程的具体能耗和经济成本分别估计为7.4千瓦时（e）/ m（3）和6.05 $ / m（3）回收水。因此，这种新颖的提议似乎是冶金工业中零液体排放系统的有希望的替代方案。

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