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Design and dynamic simulation of a photovoltaic thermal-organic Rankine cycle considering heat transfer between components

机译：考虑组件热传递的光伏热 - 有机朗肯循环的设计与动态仿真

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摘要

Photovoltaic thermal systems concept is very attractive for two reasons; Firstly, using the coolant fluids decreases the temperature of the photovoltaic modules. Secondly, the heat, gathered from photovoltaic modules, can be employed in a thermal or energy conversion system. Hence, the efficiency of a photovoltaic is enhanced from both sides. In this study, a combination of an organic Rankine cycle with photovoltaic modules is proposed. Despite previous works, which considered such schemes for a limited environmental conditions, dynamic model of heat transfer for varying radiation and temperature throughout a typical year is employed. A detailed model of the heat transfer between the photovoltaic-thermal components is utilized to investigate the combination's thermal behavior. Also, for the first time, the optimum photovoltaic array area is calculated based on the heat transfer between photovoltaic modules and the Rankine cycle working fluid. Considering design conditions, 80 m(2) area of photovoltaic arrays are needed to preheat the working fluid before entering the evaporator. The round trip efficiency of the system is equal to 22.62%, using HFO-1234yf as the working fluid. Besides, the effect of changing pressure of evaporator and condenser along with using different coolants is investigated. Four pure refrigerant and two fluid mixture are used to find the effect of working fluid on the performance of the system. The parametric analysis shows that using isobutane results in the highest achievable round trip efficiency (22.81%), among the selected fluids. Cost analysis showed that the levelized cost of electricity is 0.05 $/kW h, which is slightly higher than the electricity price for the same installed capacity of PV without cooling.
机译：光伏热系统概念非常有吸引力，原因有两个;首先，使用冷却剂流体降低光伏模块的温度。其次，可以在热或能量转换系统中采用从光伏模块聚集的热量。因此，从两侧增强光伏的效率。在该研究中，提出了具有光伏模块的有机朗肯循环的组合。尽管以前的作品，但是考虑了有限环境条件的这些方案，采用了在整个典型年度各种辐射和温度的传热动态模型。利用光伏 - 热部件之间的热传递的详细模型来研究组合的热行为。此外，首次基于光伏模块和朗肯循环工作流体之间的传热来计算最佳光伏阵列区域。考虑到设计条件，需要在进入蒸发器之前预热工作流体需要80米（2）光伏阵列。系统的往返效率等于22.62％，使用HFO-1234YF作为工作流体。此外，研究了蒸发器和冷凝器改变压力以及使用不同的冷却剂的影响。四种纯制冷剂和两个流体混合物用于找到工作流体对系统性能的影响。参数分析表明，在所选流体中使用异丁烷导致最高可实现的往返效率（22.81％）。成本分析表明，电力调用成本为0.05 $ / kWh，其略高于电价的电价，无需冷却。

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