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A techno-economic analysis of an optimal self-sufficient district

机译：对最佳自给电区的技术经济分析

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Many cities and districts have announced that their ultimate goal is to be energy self-sufficient, but there are many technical and economic challenges that are required to be studied. The aim of this study is to find costoptimal technical solutions for districts with high energy self-sufficiency rates that can cover their electricity demand. Two methods are applied, a rule-based method and an optimization method, to find the renewable energy system capacities for local centralized wind power, solar photovoltaic, battery, heat storage and heat pump in a district with a minimum life cycle cost. The Kalasatama district in Helsinki-Finland, is taken as a case study. The results show that the full energy self-sufficiency target requires very high investments in the renewable energy systems. For the studied case, reducing the self-sufficiency rate to 76% can bring down the life cycle cost by 66% and achieve a net-zero annual energy balance. It is economically and technically more feasible to aim achieving Positive Energy District or Net-Zero Energy District instead of full energy self-sufficiency. Based on the obtained results, the main investment should be made in wind power, due to its higher utilization rate around the year compared to solar photovoltaic. Investments in the expensive centralized battery storage sharply drops when the self-sufficiency rate is reduced from 100%. It is revealed that due to the high population density and limited availability of renewables, the physical boundary of a district may not fit the required renewable energy installations if high self-sufficiency is targeted. This will frequently lead to expanding the district boundary towards a virtual balancing boundary.
机译：许多城市和地区宣布，他们的最终目标是能够自给能源，但有许多技术和经济挑战需要研究。本研究的目的是为具有高能源自给率的地区寻找高效技术解决方案，可以涵盖其电力需求。应用了两种方法，一种基于规则的方法和优化方法，找到了用于局部集中式风电，太阳能光伏，电池，蓄热和热泵的可再生能源系统容量，具有最小的生命周期成本。赫尔辛基芬兰的Kalasatama区是一个案例研究。结果表明，全能量自给自足目标需要在可再生能源系统中进行非常高的投资。对于学习的情况，将自给自足率降至76％，可以降低生命周期成本66％，实现净零年度能量平衡。在实现积极的能源区或净零能源区而不是全能量自给自足的目标，经济和技术上更加可行。根据所获得的结果，由于与太阳能光伏相比，由于其较高的利用率，应在风力发电中进行主要投资。当自给自足率从100％降低时，对昂贵的集中电池存储的投资急剧下降。据透露，由于人口密度高，可再生能源的可用性有限，如果针对高自给自足，地区的物理边界可能不适合所需的可再生能源装置。这通常会导致将地区边界扩展到虚拟平衡边界。

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