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A novel spatial-temporal space heating and hot water demand method for expansion analysis of district heating systems

机译：一种新型空间空间加热和地区供热系统膨胀分析的热水需求方法

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摘要

The fourth generation of district heating will play a significant role in the decarbonization of energy systems. In general, only space heating demand is considered when assessing the district heating potential, excluding hot water. In contrast, the hot water demand accounts for up to 18% of total final energy demand in buildings. Hence, in this paper, a spatial?temporal method for annual hot water demand is considered in conjunction with space heating demand while technically and economically assessing the expansion potential of the district heating. A bottom-up heat demand mapping process was carried out for Pristina city to identify the space heating demand of buildings, while a top-down approach was used for spatial mapping of hot water demand. Hourly, daily, weekly and seasonal hot water demand profiles, besides heating degree-day method used for space heating, were considered when estimating the temporal operation of district heating. The findings show that the existing district heating can be increased four times when excluding hot water and five times when considering both space heating and hot water demand of buildings. Moreover, the heat supply capacities needed in district heating to cover space heating and hot water demand would be 600 MW and 70 MW respectively.
机译：第四代区供暖将在能源系统的脱碳中发挥重要作用。通常，在评估区域加热潜力时，仅考虑空间加热需求，不包括热水。相比之下，热水需求占建筑物中总能源需求总量的18％。因此，在本文中，空间的？暂时热水需求的时间方法与空间加热需求一起考虑，同时在技术上和经济地评估区域加热的扩张潜力。对普里什蒂纳市进行了自下而上的热需求映射过程，以确定建筑物的空间加热需求，而自上而下的方法用于热水需求的空间映射。每小时，每日，每周和季节性热水需求型材，除了用于空间加热的加热程度方法之外，在估算区域供热时被考虑。调查结果表明，在考虑空间加热和建筑物热水需求时，现有地区供暖可以增加四次。此外，区供暖以覆盖空间加热和热水需求所需的供热能力分别为600兆瓦和70兆瓦。

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