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Thermal energy storage in district heating: Centralised storage vs. storage in thermal inertia of buildings

机译：区域供热中的热能存储：集中存储与建筑物热惯性存储

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Heat load variations in district heating systems lead to increased costs for heat generation and, in most cases, increased greenhouse gas emissions associated with the marginal use of fossil fuels. This work investigates the benefits of applying thermal energy storage in district heating systems to decrease heat load variations, comparing storage using a hot water tank and the thermal inertia of buildings (with similar storage capacity). A detailed techno-economic optimisation model is applied to the district heating system of Goteborg, Sweden. The results show that both the hot water tank and the thermal inertia of buildings benefit the operation of the district heating system and have similar dynamics of utilisation. However, compared to the thermal inertia of buildings, the hot water tank stores more than twice as much heat over the modelled year, owing to lower energy losses. For the same reason, only the hot water tank is used to store heat for periods longer than a few days. Furthermore, the hot water tank has its full capacity available for charging/discharging at all times, whereas the capacity of the thermal inertia of buildings depends on the heat transfer between the building core and its indoor air and internals. Finally, the total system yearly operating cost decreases by 1% when the thermal inertia of buildings and by 2% when the hot water tank is added to the district heating system, as compared to the scenario without any storage.
机译：区域供热系统中的热负荷变化导致热量产生成本增加，并且在大多数情况下，与少量使用化石燃料相关的温室气体排放量也有所增加。这项工作研究了在区域供热系统中应用热能存储以减少热负荷变化的好处，并比较了使用热水箱的存储和建筑物（具有类似存储容量）的热惯性。将详细的技术经济优化模型应用于瑞典哥德堡的区域供热系统。结果表明，热水箱和建筑物的热惯性都有利于区域供热系统的运行，并且具有相似的利用动态。但是，与建筑物的热惯性相比，由于较低的能量损失，热水箱在模型年中存储的热量是其两倍以上。出于同样的原因，只有热水罐用于存储热量的时间超过几天。此外，热水箱在任何时候都具有可充放电的全部容量，而建筑物的热惯性容量取决于建筑物核心与其室内空气和内部零件之间的热传递。最后，与没有任何存储的情况相比，当建筑物的热惯性使整个系统的年度运行成本降低了1％，而当热水罐添加到区域供热系统时，系统的年度运行成本降低了2％。

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