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The development of a dynamic single effect, lithium bromide absorption chiller model with enhanced generator fidelity

机译：具有增强的发电机保真度的动态单效应溴化锂吸收式制冷机模型的开发

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摘要

Single effect, lithium bromide absorption chillers offer the ability to utilize low-pressure steam to produce chilled water for satisfying various comfort cooling needs. Previous attempts have been made to characterize dynamic and steady-state absorption chiller operation. Though these models perform adequately, they are based on hot water driven absorption chillers. Commercially available absorption chillers often can run on both hot water and low-pressure steam. In this paper, the mathematical framework for a dynamic single effect, lithium bromide absorption chiller model capable of using low-pressure steam is presented. The transient thermodynamic FORTRAN model is grounded on mass, energy, and species balances, and builds on prior modeling efforts. Well-known correlations for heat transfer coefficients are used to describe both tube-side and shell-side heat transfer rates in each primary chiller component. To account for the absorption chiller unit receiving steam, a heat transfer model for condensation inside horizontal tubes based on distinct internal condensation flow regimes is incorporated within the generator. This heat transfer model is used with two-phase flow pressure drop equations to establish steam temperature, quality, and pressure along the generator tube bundle. Steam consumption trends are established as a function of fluctuating external conditions. These trends reasonably align with information made available online by the manufacturer, though some deviation does occur at low chiller capacities and cooling water temperatures. Additionally, the transient response of internal and external parameters from a step increase in heat input supplied to the generator mimics results of other dynamic absorption chiller models found throughout literature.
机译：单效溴化锂吸收式制冷机具有利用低压蒸汽产生冷冻水的能力，以满足各种舒适的制冷需求。先前已经进行了表征动态和稳态吸收式制冷机运行的尝试。尽管这些模型性能良好，但它们基于热水驱动的吸收式制冷机。市售的吸收式制冷机通常可以同时使用热水和低压蒸汽。本文提出了一种动态的单效应溴化锂吸收式制冷机模型的数学框架，该模型可以使用低压蒸汽。瞬态热力学FORTRAN模型建立在质量，能量和物种平衡的基础上，并建立在先前的建模工作之上。传热系数的众所周知的相关性用于描述每个主冷却器组件中管侧和壳侧的传热速率。为了说明吸收式制冷机单元接收到的蒸汽，在发电机内并入了基于不同内部冷凝水流态的水平管内冷凝水的传热模型。该传热模型与两相流压降方程式一起使用，以建立沿发生器管束的蒸汽温度，质量和压力。蒸汽消耗趋势是根据波动的外部条件确定的。这些趋势与制造商在线提供的信息合理地吻合，尽管在低制冷量和冷却水温度下确实会出现一些偏差。另外，内部和外部参数的瞬态响应来自提供给发电机的热量输入的逐步增加，模仿了整个文献中发现的其他动态吸收式制冷机模型的结果。

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