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Economic and environmental multi-optimal design and dispatch of solid oxide fuel cell based CCHP system

机译：基于CCHP系统的固体氧化物燃料电池经济和环境多优化设计与调度

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摘要

Combined cooling, heating and power system (CCHP) is an efficient alternative for building energy supply. Meanwhile, the advantages of high energy efficiency and low emission for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) make the technology a promising prime mover for CCHP systems. In this study, a SOFC based CCHP system design and operation optimization model has been developed using the Mixed Integer Non-linear Programming (MINLP) approach. The model provides two capacity sizing options of the fixed size (user specified), and the optimal sizing. In the fixed size option, four dispatch strategies are considered, namely baseload, dayight, full-load, and electrical load following. In the optimal sizing option, the installed capacity of devices and the dispatch strategy are both optimized. Moreover, multi-objective optimizations are also conducted to optimize two conflicting objectives simultaneously by the epsilon-constraint method. The optimal results are displayed by Pareto frontiers and the most desired solutions have been identified and verified by two decision-making approaches of LINMAP and TOPSIS. To make the model applicable to real world operation, novel constraints including part-load efficiency, equipment on/off, and numbers of start constraints are applied, Finally, the proposed model is applied to a case study of a hospital in Shanghai, China considering state-of-the-art technical specifications, time-of-use energy pricing, and emission factors. The results indicate environmental advantages of SOFC based CCHP system. Moreover, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) identified by the proposed optimal design and dispatch model would be 0.17 $/kWh, which is lower than the conventional energy system.
机译：冷热电联产系统（CCHP）是建筑物能源供应的有效替代方案。同时，固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）的高能效和低排放优势使该技术成为CCHP系统的有希望的原动力。在这项研究中，使用混合整数非线性规划（MINLP）方法开发了基于SOFC的CCHP系统设计和运行优化模型。该模型提供了固定大小（用户指定）和最佳大小的两个容量大小选择。在固定大小选项中，考虑了四种调度策略，即基本负荷，昼/夜，满负荷和电负荷跟踪。在最佳大小选择中，设备的安装容量和调度策略都得到了优化。此外，还进行了多目标优化，以通过ε约束方法同时优化两个冲突的目标。帕累托前沿显示了最佳结果，并且通过LINMAP和TOPSIS的两种决策方法确定并验证了最理想的解决方案。为了使该模型适用于现实世界的运营，应用了部分负荷效率，设备开/关和启动约束数量等新颖的约束条件，最后，将该模型应用于考虑到中国上海某医院的案例研究最新的技术规格，使用时间的能源价格和排放因子。结果表明基于SOFC的CCHP系统具有环境优势。此外，通过建议的最佳设计和调度模型确定的平均能源成本（LCOE）为0.17 $ / kWh，低于常规能源系统。

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