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Comparative techno-economic analysis of hybrid micro-grid systems utilizing different battery types

机译：使用不同电池类型的混合微电网系统的比较技术经济分析

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A systems-level lifetime cost-of-use optimization model was applied to a hypothetical hybrid off-grid power system to compare the impacts of different battery technologies. Specifically, a time-step battery degradation model was used to account for unit degradation over a 20-year system lifetime for three different batteries. Variables examined included: battery type, allowed state of charge swing during cycling, number of battery replacements, fractional renewable energy requirements, and applied discount rate. Our analyses show that storage packs with high energy, low cost lithium-ion cells have the potential to compete with a non-renewable solution in some cases. The discount rate also proves to be significant in determining the cost competitiveness of the hybrid systems: at low discount rates, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is only slightly higher than diesel generation, with costs diverging as the discount rate increases. The discount rate also determines which battery technology delivers the lowest cost of electricity: lead acid batteries are favorable at low rates, while high-energy lithium-ion batteries deliver lower cost electricity at higher rates. Similarly, market forces, like fuel or battery price changes, feed-in tariffs, or carbon taxes, required to trigger a switch to a hybrid system vary substantially with the discount rate. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：将系统级别的使用寿命使用成本优化模型应用于假设的混合离网电力系统，以比较不同电池技术的影响。具体来说，使用时步电池降级模型来说明三个不同电池在20年系统寿命中的单位降级。检查的变量包括：电池类型，循环期间允许的充电摆幅状态，电池更换数量，可再生能源需求量分数和适用的贴现率。我们的分析表明，在某些情况下，具有高能量，低成本锂离子电池的存储包具有与不可再生解决方案竞争的潜力。折现率在确定混合动力系统的成本竞争力方面也被证明是重要的：在折现率低的情况下，平准化的电力成本（LCOE）仅略高于柴油发电，成本随折现率的增加而分散。折扣率还决定了哪种电池技术可提供最低的电费：铅酸电池在低费率下是有利的，而高能锂离子电池则以较高的费率提供低成本的电。同样，触发转换为混合动力系统所需的市场力量，如燃料或电池价格变化，上网电价或碳税，随折现率而有很大不同。 （C）2016 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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