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Oil extracted from spent coffee grounds for bio-hydrotreated diesel production

机译：从废咖啡渣中提取的油用于生物加氢处理的柴油生产

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Oil extracted from spent coffee grounds is utilized as a renewable source for bio-hydrotreated fuel production. In the present work, oil yield up to 13% can be obtained by Soxhlet extraction with hexane as a solvent. As the extracted oil contained high Content of free fatty acids (6.14%), therefore one step alkali-catalyzed for ester based biodiesel production is impractical. Hydrotreating of extracted oil was performed over two catalysts i.e. NiMo/gamma-Al2O3 and Pd/C with different operating parameters i.e. reaction time, operating temperature, and H-2/oil. It was found that the reaction time of 2 h and the reaction temperature of 400 degrees C are favorable operating conditions. The liquid products mostly consisted of n-pentadecane and n-heptadecane, which contain one carbon atom shorter than the corresponding fatty acid (Cn-1) i.e. palmitic and stearic acid, respectively. Unfavorable cracking of diesel product is pronounced at high temperature and prolonged reaction time. In addition, although increased H-2/oil promoted overall reaction and hydrodeoxygenation activity (Cn-1/C-n decreased) for both catalysts, hydrocracking is enhanced over Pd/C, leading to significant increase in gasoline yield. Moreover, Pd/C gave higher olefin content in liquid product (22.3 wt%) than NiMo/gamma-Al2O3 (4.8 wt%). However, NiMo/gamma-Al2O3 shows higher isomerization activity. The amount of isoparaffins catalyzed by NiMo/gamma-Al2O3 and Pd/C were 10.8 and 1.7 wt%, respectively. Physiochemical analysis of the diesel fraction exhibit satisfactory properties. The density and kinematic viscosity were consistent with the specification of commercial bio-hydrogenated diesel, NExBTL, while the cetane index was much higher than conventional diesel. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：从废咖啡渣中提取的油可用作生物加氢处理燃料生产的可再生资源。在目前的工作中，通过以己烷为溶剂的索氏提取可以获得高达13％的油收率。由于提取的油含有高含量的游离脂肪酸（6.14％），因此不可行进行碱催化的酯基生物柴油生产步骤。萃取油的加氢处理是在两种催化剂（NiMo /γ-Al2O3和Pd / C）上以不同的操作参数（例如反应时间，操作温度和H-2 /油）进行的。发现2小时的反应时间和400℃的反应温度是有利的操作条件。液体产物主要由正十五烷和正十七烷组成，它们的碳原子比相应的脂肪酸（Cn-1）短一个碳原子，分别是棕榈酸和硬脂酸。在高温和延长的反应时间下，柴油产物的不利裂解明显。另外，尽管增加的H-2 /油促进了两种催化剂的总体反应和加氢脱氧活性（Cn-1 / C-n降低），但加氢裂化比Pd / C增强，导致汽油收率显着提高。此外，与NiMo /γ-Al2 O 3（4.8wt％）相比，Pd / C在液体产物中的烯烃含量（22.3wt％）更高。但是，NiMo /γ-Al2O3表现出更高的异构化活性。 NiMo /γ-Al2O3和Pd / C催化的异链烷烃含量分别为10.8和1.7 wt％。柴油馏分的理化分析显示令人满意的性质。密度和运动粘度与商用生物氢化柴油NExBTL的规格一致，而十六烷指数远高于常规柴油。 （C）2016 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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