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Tidal stream energy impacts on estuarine circulation

机译：潮汐能对河口环流的影响

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Among the impacts on the marine environment associated with the operation of a tidal farm, the alteration of the transient and residual flow velocities must be assessed in detail, for they constitute the driving force of important environmental processes such as sediment and pollutant transport, and nutrient dispersion. The objective of this study is to assess the impacts caused by the operation of a tidal farm on the transient and residual flow by means of a case study: a tidal stream farm in Ria de Ribadeo, an estuary in NW Spain. For this purpose a 3D numerical model of the estuary is implemented and successfully validated based on field data of tidal levels and flow velocities. The energy extracted by the tidal stream farm from the flow is accounted for by adding a momentum sink term in the equations of the model. Two scenarios representative of typical winter and summer conditions are considered. The results show that the disturbances to the transient flow patterns are concentrated in the proximity of the farm, with a weakening of the flow upstream and, especially, downstream of the farm (up to 0.25 ms~(-1)) and an intensification on both sides (up to 0.10 ms~(-1)). As for the residual flow, we find that the operation of the tidal farm does not disrupt the complex 3D residual circulation of the ria, but it does lead to modifications of the residual flow of up to 0.025 ms~(-1), or approximately 10% of the baseline residual flow, which affect a much larger area than in the case of the transient flow (up to approximately 2 km from the farm). The repercussions of these alterations of the transient and residual flow patterns of the estuary for its sedimentary and biological processes warrant further research. Overall, these results confirm the importance of assessing the impacts of a tidal stream farm on the flow.
机译：在与潮汐养殖场运营相关的海洋环境影响中，必须详细评估瞬态流速和残余流速的变化，因为它们构成了重要环境过程（如沉积物和污染物运输以及养分）的驱动力分散。这项研究的目的是通过一个案例研究来评估潮汐养殖场的运营对瞬时流量和残留流量的影响：西班牙西北河口Ria de Ribadeo的潮汐养殖场。为此，基于潮汐水位和流速的现场数据，实施并成功验证了河口的3D数值模型。潮汐流场从水流中提取的能量是通过在模型的方程中添加动量吸收项来解决的。考虑了代表典型的冬季和夏季条件的两种情况。结果表明，对瞬态流场的扰动主要集中在养殖场附近，上游（尤其是下游）的流量减弱（最高达0.25 ms〜（-1）），并且对养殖场的集约化作用加剧。两侧（最高0.10 ms〜（-1））。至于剩余流量，我们发现潮汐农场的运作并没有破坏ria的复杂3D剩余循环，但确实导致了高达0.025 ms〜（-1）或大约为的剩余流量的变化。基准剩余流量的10％，与瞬时流量（距农场约2 km）相比，影响的面积要大得多。这些变化对河口沉积和生物过程的影响，值得进一步研究。总体而言，这些结果证实了评估潮汐流场对水流影响的重要性。

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